,! ,RULES (
,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL
,SECOND ,$I;N #BJAC
,$IT$ BY ,*RI/9E ,SIMPSON
,PUBLI%$ BY
,9T]NA;NAL ,C\NCIL ON
,5GLI% ,BRL
WWW4ICEB4ORG
,COPY"R3 ^C #BJAC
,TRANSCRIP;N (
,,ISBN3 #IGH-#J-#IHJGJFD-#F-#H
,TRANSCRIB$ #BJAC1
BY ,M>Y ,HU<ES
,,CNIB
,TORONTO1 ,,ON ,M#D,G #C,E#H
,9 #F ,VOLUMES
,VOLUME #B ,SEC;NS #C-#H
,BRL PAGES T#A-T#B1 P#A-P#H &
#A-#ABE
,PR9T PAGES ;III-B;V &
#AI-B#HI T#A
T#B
FRONT MATT] ;III
,TABLE ( ,3T5TS
,SEC;N
,SEC;N #C3
,G5]AL ,SYMBOLS &
,9DICATORS """"" #AI
#C4A ,AMP]S& .=@& """""""" #BA
#C4B ,>R[S .=\ .=\O .=\%
.=\[ .=\+ """""""""""" #BA
#C4C ,A/]ISK .="9 DA7]
.=@,? & D\BLE DA7]
.=@,] """""""""""""""" #BA
#C4D ,BRL GR\P+
9DICATORS .=< .=> """" #BC
#C4E ,BULLET .=_4 """""""" #BD
#C4F ,C>ET .=@5 """""""""" #BD
#C4G ,COMM]CIAL AT SIGN
.=@A """"""""""""""""" #BE
#C4H ,COPY"R .=^C
REGI/]$ .=^R &
TRADEM>K .=^T SIGNS "" #BE
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#A
FRONT MATT] A;III
#C4I ,CROSSES .=@,? .=;X
.=;,X .="8 """"""""""" #BE
#C4AJ ,CURR5CY SIGNS
.=@C .=@E .=@F .=@L
.=@N .=@S .=@Y """"""" #BF
#C4AA ,DEGREES .=^J
M9UTES .=7 .=' &
SECONDS .=77 .=,7 """" #BG
#C4AB ,DITTO M>K .="1 """" #BH
#C4AC ,DOT LOCATOR =
8M5;N0 .=.= """""""""" #BH
---------------------------;IV
#C4AD ,DOT LOCATOR =
8USE0 .=""= """""""""" #BI
#C4AE ,FEET .=7 .=' &
9*ES .=77 .=,7 """"""" #CJ
#C4AF ,FEMALE "<,V5US">
.=^X & MALE "<,M>S">
.=^Y SIGNS """"""""""" #CJ
#C4AG ,MA!MATICAL SIGNS3
PLUS .="6 EQUALS
.="7 MULTIPLICA;N
.="8 DIVI.N .="/
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#B
FRONT MATT] A;IV
M9US .="- RATIO .=3
PROPOR;N .=33 LESS-
?AN .=@< & GRT]-?AN
.=@> """"""""""""""""" #CA
#C4AH ,MUSIC A3ID5TALS3
NATURAL .=#* FLAT
.=#< %>P .=#% """""""" #CB
#C4AI ,NUMB] SIGN
"<CROSSHAT*1 HA%1
P.D SIGN"> .=_? """""" #CC
#C4BJ ,P>AGRAPH .=^P &
SEC;N .=^S SIGNS """"" #CC
#C4BA ,P]C5T SIGN .=.0 """ #CC
#C4BB ,%APES .=$ """"""""" #CD
#C4BC ,SPACE """"""""""""" #CE
#C4BD ,SUBSCRIPT .=5 &
SUP]SCRIPT .=9
9DICATORS """""""""""" #CF
#C4BE ,TILDE "<SWUNG
DA%"> .=@9 """"""""""" #CF
#C4BF ,TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
SYMBOLS .=? .=#?
.=@#? .=^#? .=_#?
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#C
FRONT MATT] B;IV
.="#? .=.#? """""""""" #CG
#C4BG ,TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE
9DICATORS
.=@.< .=@.> """""""""" #CI
,SEC;N #D3
,LRS & ,_! ,MODIFI]S #DA
#D4A ,5GLI% ALPHABET """"" #DA
#D4B ,MODIFI]S """"""""""" #DB
#D4C ,LIGATUR$ LRS """"""" #DF
#D4D ,5G & S*WA """""""""" #DG
#D4E ,GREEK LRS """""""""" #DH
,SEC;N #E3
,GRADE #A ,MODE """ #EA
#E4A ,MODE 9DICATORS """"" #EA
#E4B ,GRADE #A SYMBOL
9DICATOR .=; """"""""" #EA
#E4C ,GRADE #A ^W
9DICATOR .=;; """""""" #EB
#E4D ,GRADE #A PASSAGE
9DICATOR .=;;; """"""" #EB
#E4E ,GRADE #A T]M9ATOR
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#D
FRONT MATT] C;IV
.=;' """"""""""""""""" #EC
#E4F ,NUM]IC 9DICATOR
.=# """""""""""""""""" #EC
#E4G ,GRADE #A MODE
AVOIDS 3FU.N )
3TRAC;NS """"""""""""" #ED
#E4H ,GRADE #A 9DICATORS
& CAPITALISA;N """"""" #EE
#E4I ,*OICE ( 9DICATORS "" #EF
#E4AJ ,OP;NAL USE ( !
GRADE #A 9DICATOR """" #EG
#E4AA ,USE ( GRADE #A
9DICATORS 9 GRADE #A
TEXT """"""""""""""""" #EG
,SEC;N #F3
,NUM]IC ,MODE """" #EI
#F4A ,NUM]IC 9DICATORS
.=#A .=#B .=#C .=#D
.=#E .=#F .=#G .=#H
.=#I .=#J .=#1 .=#4 "" #EI
#F4B ,NUM]IC MODE
SYMBOLS """""""""""""" #FJ
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#E
FRONT MATT] D;IV
#F4C ,T]M9A;N ( NUM]IC
MODE """"""""""""""""" #FA
#F4D ,PLACE;T ( NUM]IC
PREFIX ) FULL /OP
"<P]IOD"> """""""""""" #FA
#F4E ,NUM]IC 9DICATORS
SET GRADE #A MODE """" #FB
----------------------------;V
#F4F ,! NUM]IC SPACE
.="A .="B .="C .="D
.="E .="F .="G .="H
.="I .="J """""""""""" #FC
#F4G ,TR1T;T ( DATES1
"T1 CO9AGE1 ETC4 """"" #FD
#F4H ,SPAC$ NUM]IC
9DICATOR .=# """"""""" #FE
#F4I ,NUM]IC PASSAGE
9DICATOR .=## &
NUM]IC T]M9ATOR .=#' #FF
#F4AJ ,DIVI.N ( A NUMB]
2T L9ES """""""""""""" #FF
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#F
FRONT MATT] A;V
,SEC;N #G3
,PUNCTUA;N """"" #FI
#G4A ,G5]AL """""""""""""" #GJ
#G4B ,DA%1 L[ L9E
"<"USCORE">1 L;G DA%
& HYPH5 .=,- .=.-
.=",- .=- """""""""""" #GB
,HYPH5"<S"> US$ Z DA% "" #GC
#G4C ,ELLIPSIS .=444 """"" #GD
#G4D ,SOLIDUS "<=W>D
SLA%"> .=_/ """""""""" #GD
#G4E ,"Q M>K .=8 """"""""" #GE
#G4F ,QUOTA;N M>KS
.=8 .=0 .=^8 .=^0
.=,8 .=,0 .=_8 .=_0
.=,7 .=' """""""""""" #GF
#G4G ,MULTI-L9E BRACKETS
.=,"< .=,">
.=,.< .=,.>
.=,_< .=,_> """""""""" #GH
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#G
FRONT MATT] B;V
,SEC;N #H3
,CAPITALISA;N """" #GI
#H4A ,USE ( CAPITALS """"" #GI
#H4B ,EXT5T ( CAPITALS
MODE """"""""""""""""" #GI
#H4C ,DEF9+ A CAPITAL LR #GI
#H4D ,CAPITALIS$ ^W
9DICATOR .=,, """""""" #HJ
#H4E ,CAPITALIS$ PASSAGE
9DICATOR .=,,, """"""" #HC
#H4F ,CAPITALS T]M9ATOR
.=,' """"""""""""""""" #HF
#H4G ,PLACE;T (
9DICATORS """""""""""" #HG
#H4H ,*OICE ( CAPITALIS$
9DICATORS """""""""""" #HG
#H4I ,A35T$ LRS 9 FULLY
CAPITALIS$ ^WS """"""" #HI
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#H
#AI
,! ,RULES (
,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL
,SECOND ,$I;N #BJAC
,SEC;N #C3 ,G5]AL
,SYMBOLS & ,9DICATORS
.= SPACE "<SEE #C4BC">
.=< OP5+ BRL GR\P+ 9DICATOR
"<SEE #C4D">
.=? F/ TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ PR9T
SYMBOL "<SEE #C4BF">
.=$ %APE 9DICATOR "<SEE
#C4BB">
.=\ >R[ 9DICATOR "<SEE #C4B">
.=\O SIMPLE "R PO9T+ >R[
"<EA/"> "<SEE #C4B">
.=\% SIMPLE D[N PO9T+ >R[
"<S\?"> "<SEE #C4B">
.=\[ SIMPLE LEFT PO9T+ >R[
"<WE/"> "<SEE #C4B">
.=\+ SIMPLE UP PO9T+ >R[
#C #A
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#AI
"<NOR?"> "<SEE #C4B">
.=3 RATIO "<SEE #C4AG">
.=33 PROPOR;N "<SEE #C4AG">
.=5 SUBSCRIPT 9DICATOR "<SEE
#C4BD">
.=7 PRIME "<SEE #C4AA &
#C4AE">
.=77 D\BLE PRIME "<SEE #C4AA &
#C4AE">
.=9 SUP]SCRIPT 9DICATOR "<SEE
#C4BD">
.=#* NATURAL "<SEE #C4AH">
.=#< FLAT "<SEE #C4AH">
.=#% %>P "<SEE #C4AH">
.=#? SECOND TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
PR9T SYMBOL "<SEE #C4BF">
.=> CLOS+ BRL GR\P+ 9DICATOR
"<SEE #C4D">
.=@A COMM]CIAL AT SIGN "<SEE
#C4G">
.=@C C5T SIGN "<SEE #C4AJ">
.=@E EURO SIGN "<SEE #C4AJ">
.=@F ,FR5* FRANC SIGN "<SEE
#C #B
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#AI
#C4AJ">
.=@L P.D SIGN "<P.D /]L+">
"<SEE #C4AJ">
.=@N NAIRA SIGN "<SEE #C4AJ">
.=@S DOLL> SIGN "<SEE #C4AJ">
.=@Y Y5 SIGN "<YUAN SIGN">
"<SEE #C4AJ">
.=@& AMP]S& "<SEE #C4A">
.=@< LESS-?AN SIGN "<SEE
#C4AG">
.=@5 C>ET "<SEE #C4F">
---------------------------#BJ
.=@9 TILDE "<SWUNG DA%"> "<SEE
#C4BE">
.=@#? ?IRD TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
PR9T SYMBOL "<SEE #C4BF">
.=@> GRT]-?AN SIGN "<SEE
#C4AG">
.=@.< OP5+ TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE
9DICATOR "<SEE #C4BG">
.=@.> CLOS+ TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE
9DICATOR "<SEE #C4BG">
.=@,? DA7] "<SEE #C4C">
#C #C
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#BJ
.=@,] D\BLE DA7] "<SEE #C4C">
.=^C COPY"R SIGN "<SEE #C4H">
.=^J DEGREE SIGN "<SEE #C4AA">
.=^P P>AGRAPH SIGN "<SEE
#C4BJ">
.=^R REGI/]$ SIGN "<SEE #C4H">
.=^S SEC;N SIGN "<SEE #C4BJ">
.=^T TRADEM>K SIGN "<SEE
#C4H">
.=^X FEMALE SIGN "<,V5US">
"<SEE #C4AF">
.=^Y MALE SIGN "<,M>S"> "<SEE
#C4AF">
.=^#? F\R? TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
PR9T SYMBOL "<SEE #C4BF">
.=_? NUMB] SIGN "<CROSSHAT*1
HA%1 P.D SIGN"> "<SEE
#C4AI">
.=_4 BULLET "<SEE #C4E">
.=_#? FIF? TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
PR9T SYMBOL "<SEE #C4BF">
.="1 DITTO M>K "<SEE #C4AB">
.="6 PLUS SIGN "<SEE #C4AG">
#C #D
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#BJ
.="7 EQUALS SIGN "<SEE #C4AG">
.="8 MULTIPLICA;N SIGN "<SEE
#C4AG">
.="9 A/]ISK "</>"> "<SEE
#C4C">
.="/ DIVI.N SIGN "<SEE #C4AG">
.="#? SIX? TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
PR9T SYMBOL "<SEE #C4BF">
.="- M9US SIGN "<SEE #C4AG">
.=""= DOT LOCATOR = 8USE0
"<SEE #C4AD">
.=.= DOT LOCATOR = 8M5;N0
"<SEE #C4AC">
.=.0 P]C5T SIGN "<SEE #C4BA">
.=.#? SEV5? TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
PR9T SYMBOL "<SEE #C4BF">
---------------------------#BA
#C4A ,AMP]S& .=@&
#C4A4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE ( !
AMP]S&4
#C4A4A #E
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#BA
,EXAMPLES3
,M>KS @& ,SP;ER
,,AT@&,T ,B@&,B
@&C "<ETC">
#C4B ,>R[S .=\ .=\O .=\%
.=\[ .=\+
#C4B4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE (
>R[S4 ,9 NON-TE*NICAL
MAT]IAL1 LI/ ! COMPLETE >R[
SYMBOL "<)\T ANY GRADE #A
9DICATOR"> & XS M1N+ ON !
SYMBOLS PAGE OR 9 A
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4
.1,NOTE3 ,! GRADE #A
9DICATOR MAY 2 REQUIR$ 2F !
>R[ SYMBOL TO AVOID X 2+
MISR1D4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
#AA4F1 ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1 &
.7,GUIDEL9ES = ,TE*NICAL
,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P #AC1 = FUR!R
#C4B4A #F
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#BA
9=MA;N ON >R[S4
,EXAMPLES3
,ROAD SIGNS ( ;\O & ;\[ M>K
DET\RS4
,PUT A ;\+ ON ! MAP TO
9DICATE NOR?4
,>R[ US$ 9 ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE3
.=\4% D[N >R[ ) %>P TURN
"R
,! ,,5T] KEY IS ! "O ) ;\4%
ON X4
#C4C ,A/]ISK .="9 DA7]
.=@,? & D\BLE DA7] .=@,]
#C4C4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE ( !
A/]ISK1 DA7] & D\BLE DA7]1
REG>D.S ( M1N+4
---------------------------#BB
.1,NOTE3 ,= EXAMPLE1 !
DA7] MAY 2 US$ Z A REF];E
M>K1 OR Z ! ,LAT9 OR
#C4C4A #G
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#BB
,*RI/IAN CROSS TO SIGNIFY
D1? OR A MEMB] ( ! CL]GY4
.1,NOTE3 ,USUALLY ! A/]ISK
& "S"TS ! DA7] & D\BLE DA7]
APPE> RAIS$ F ! BASEL9E 9
PR9T4 ,? IS N 3SID]$ !
SUP]SCRIPT POSI;N4
,EXAMPLES3
,M"9,A"9,S"9,H
,SPELL+ ^WS M>K$ ) AN "9 H A
SIL5T LR4
,TO A3ESS YR VOICEMAIL1
/RIKE "9#IH ON YR
TELEPH"O4
,SPE$ "9 "T "7 4T.E4
%[+ "9EMPHASIS"9 9 EMAIL
MESSAGES
,IR5E ,V"9"9"9
F\L LANGUAGE S* Z
"9_?"9@S6"9 OR ) OMITT$
LRS Z 9 ,D"9"9"9
,NEW ,_W ,HOTEL "9"9"9"9
#C4C4A #H
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#BB
BRO!RS ,J$"9 & ,B5"9"9 ,*AN
"9BORN 9 ,H;G ,K;G
"9"9BORN 9 ,CANADA
---------------------------#BC
,AU?ORS3 ,ROY ,BR[N1@,?
,%IRLEY ,J"OS1 ,WALT]
,SMI?1@,? ,D\GLAS ,:ITE
,! PA9T] 9CLUD$ DAISIES1"9
:ITE ROSES@,? & IVY@,] 9 !
PORTRAIT4
"9SYMBOLIZ+ 9NOC;E
@,?SYMBOLIZ+ VIRTUE
@,]SYMBOLIZ+ FIDEL;Y
,-DA%"9,-OR P>5!SES "<R.D
BRACKETS@,?">
,REV4 ,ROB]T ,L[9@,?
"9 "9 "9
#C4D ,BRL GR\P+ 9DICATORS
.=< .=>
#C4D4A ,USE BRL GR\P+
9DICATORS :5 NEC TO 5SURE T
! PREC$+ BRL SYMBOL OR
#C4D4A #I
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#BC
9DICATOR APPLIES TO ALL !
SYMBOLS 5CLOS$ BY ! BRL
GR\P+ 9DICATORS R ?AN J TO !
SYMBOL IMMLY FOLL[+4
.1,NOTE3 ,? 9CLUDES A
MODIFI] : APPLIES TO M ?AN
"O LR & A SUBSCRIPT OR
SUP]SCRIPT 9DICATOR :
APPLIES TO M ?AN "O 8ITEM04
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
#D4B4E1 ,LRS & ,_! ,MODIFI]S
& ,SEC;N #AA4D1 ,TE*NICAL
,MAT]IAL4
---------------------------#BD
,EXAMPLES3
SP@-<OO>N
MASS;;5<SUN>
#C4E ,BULLET .=_4
#C4E4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE ( !
BULLET4
.1,NOTE3 ,AT "TS1 O!R
#C4E4A #AJ
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#BD
SYMBOLS MAY 2 US$ = A SIMIL>
PURPOSE4
.1,REF] .1TO3 #C4BB =
%APES & #C4BF = TRANSCRIB]-
DEF9$ SYMBOLS4
,EXAMPLE3
,NUTRI;NAL 3SID]A;NS 9CLUDE3
_4 C>BOHYDRATES
_4 PROTE9
_4 FAT
_4 *OLE/]OL
_4 FIB]
_4 SODIUM
#C4F ,C>ET ,=@5
#C4F4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE ( !
C>ET4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #D4B1
,LRS & ,_! ,MODIFI]S1 = !
CIRCUMFLEX A35T .1ABV A LR4
#C4F4A #AA
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#BD
,EXAMPLE3
.<C>ET US$ Z AN $IT+ M>K TO
%[ OMIS.NS3.>
---------------------------#BE
@7,MY FAV\RITE PETS >E MY
DOG@5 MY CAT @5 MY HAM/]4
,MY JOB @5 TO FE$ !M4@'
#C4G ,COMM]CIAL AT SIGN
.=@A
#C4G4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE ( !
COMM]CIAL AT SIGN4
,EXAMPLES3
,,FLA%@ALI<TN+4NET
,SELL ! C&IES @A #AJ@C EA*4
#C4H ,COPY"R .=^C
REGI/]$ .=^R &
TRADEM>K .=^T SIGNS
#C4H4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE ( !
COPY"R1 REGI/]$ & TRADEM>K
#C4H4A #AB
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#BE
SIGNS4 ,USUALLY ! TRADEM>K
SIGN APPE>S RAIS$ F !
BASEL9E 9 PR9T4 ,? IS N
3SID]$ ! SUP]SCRIPT POSI;N4
,EXAMPLES3
,COPY"R ^C #BJJI
^C#BJJI
,QUICK,TAX^T F ,9TUIT^R
,CANADA ,LIMIT$
#C4I ,CROSSES .=@,? .=;X
.=;,X .="8
#C4I4A ,PR9T USES CROSSES = A
V>IETY ( PURPOSES4 ,SELECT !
APPROPRIATE BRL SYMBOL BAS$
ON ! PURPOSE ( ! CROSS4
.1,NOTE3 ,USE ! LR 8;X0 OR
8;,X0 ONLY :5 ! CROSS HAS NO
MA!MATICAL OR SCI5TIFIC
M1N+2 = EXAMPLE3 TO REPRES5T
A KISS4
.1,REF] .1TO3 #C4C = USE (
#C4I4A #AC
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#BE
! DA7] Z A ,LAT9 OR ,*RI/IAN
CROSS "<E4G4 TO SIGNIFY D1?
OR A MEMB] ( ! CL]GY">2 & TO
#C4AG = ! MULTIPLICA;N SIGN
: IS US$ TO %[ DIM5.NS1
DEGREE ( MAGNIFICA;N1 &
CROSSES 2T BRE$S ( ANIMALS
OR 2T V>IETIES ( PLANTS4
---------------------------#BF
,EXAMPLES3
,) LOVE1 ,,XXOO
,S1L$ ) A ;,X
,ILLIT]ATE P USUALLY SIGN$
_! "N ) AN ;,X4
A #DX#D VEHICLE
A #B"8#D BO>D
#AE"8#AE"8#BJ CM
,! ROOM IS #AB FT4 "8 #AF
FT4
A #AJ"8 L5S
,LABRADOR "8 ,POODLE
#C4I4A #AD
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#BF
#C4AJ ,CURR5CY SIGNS .=@C
.=@E .=@F .=@L .=@N .=@S
.=@Y
#C4AJ4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE (
CURR5CY SIGNS4
.1,NOTE3 ,"S CURR5CIES >E
9DICAT$ BY A LR OR LRS
"<E4G4 8,,DM0 = ,DEUTS*E
,M>K1 8;P0 = P;E1 8;,R0 =
,R&">4
.1,REF] .1TO3 #C4BF1 =
TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ SYMBOLS TO
REPRES5T CURR5CY SIGNS ) NO
,,UEB SYMBOLS4
,EXAMPLES3
#AJ@C #II;C
,,DM#H @S#F
,A@S#DJ @S#AI4IE
@S#BC1GHC1BJJ
@S#B;BN "<#B BILLION
DOLL>S">
#C4AJ4A #AE
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#BF
,,US@S @S,X
,! @S ROSE4
---------------------------#BG
@SHOP = @SAV+@S
#BJ@S#JJ "<#BJ ESCUDOS">
@E#GE #CJ1JJ@E
@E & @L A3EPT$
#F@E#EJ @F#A
#A @E "7 #F4EEIEG@F
#E,F CO9
@N#J4BJ "7 #BJ KOBO
@L#BD ,IR@L
@L#CM "<#C MILLION P.DS">
! @L ROSE @L,X
@L#G #HS #I;D
@L#G_/#H_/#I @L#G-#H-#I
#BP CO9 ,R#BE
,R#E1GJ @Y#CFJ
#C4AA ,DEGREES .=^J
M9UTES .=7 .=' &
SECONDS .=77 .=,7
#C4AA4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = USE ( !
#C4AA4A #AF
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#BG
DEGREE SIGN & ! PRIME SIGNS4
.1,NOTE3 ,! M9UTE MAY 2
%[N 9 PR9T BY AN APO/ROPHE &
! SECOND BY A NONDIREC;NAL
D\BLE QUOTE4 ,? USAGE C 2
FOLL[$ 9 BRL4
,EXAMPLES3
#FJ ^J #BA^J,C
#GJ^J ;,F ^J,C
,X^J
---------------------------#BH
#BEJ^J1 #CEJ^J1 OR #DEJ^J8
#CC^J#EA7#CE4I77,S
#AEA^J #AB' #DJ,7 ;,E
#C4AB ,DITTO M>K .="1
#C4AB4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! NUMB]
US$ & ! APPROXIMATE PLACE;T
( ! DITTO M>K1 T IS1 "U !
ITEM T X REF]S TO ON ! L9E
ABV4
#C4AB4A #AG
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#BH
,EXAMPLES3
LIV+ ROOM3 PIONE] BLUE
D9+ ROOM3 "1 "1
KIT*53 "1 YELL[
,MON #AJ-#AB /UDY #B-#D ,5G
PT#A
,TUES "1 "1 "1 "1
PT#B
,W$ "1 ,SCI;E "1 ,>T
,ANNE ,- VILLAGE GIRL
,JOAN ,- "1 "1
#C4AC ,DOT LOCATOR =
8M5;N0 .=.=
#C4AC4A ,USE A DOT LOCATOR =
8M5;N0 TO SET A"P A BRL
SYMBOL : IS "U 4CUS.N1 Z 9 A
SYMBOLS LI/1 A TRANSCRIB]'S
NOTE OR 9 A PUBLICA;N AB BRL
S* Z ? "O4 ,PLACE ! DOT
#C4AC4A #AH
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#BH
LOCATOR = 8M5;N0 2F ! BRL
SYMBOL & UNSPAC$ F X4
---------------------------#BI
,:5 A DOT LOCATOR = 8M5;N0
IS US$1 D N LI/ ! DOT NUMB]S
( ! BRL SYMBOL4
.1,NOTE3 ,A BRL SYMBOL1
E4G4 A TYPE=M 9DICATOR OR A
GRADE #A 9DICATOR1 PREC$$ BY
! DOT LOCATOR = 8M5;N0 DOES
N H XS NORMAL E6ECT ON !
FOLL[+ TEXT4
,EXAMPLES3
.<,! DOT LOCATOR IS N %[N 9
! PR9T COPY 9 ^!
EXAMPLES4.>
.<A SYMBOLS LI/3.>
.=$#D SQU>E
.=@7 SCRIPT PASSAGE 9DICATOR
.=^/ ACUTE A35T OV] FOLL[+
LR
#C4AC4A #AI
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#BI
.<A TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE3.>
@.<,9 ! DIC;N>Y EXAMPLE 2L1
.=@- IS A MACRON OV] !
FOLL[+ LR & .=@+ IS A
BREVE OV] ! FOLL[+ LR4@.>
.<F A MANUAL = BRL
TRANSCRIB]S3.>
,! CAPITALS PASSAGE 9DICATOR
.=,,, SETS CAPITALS MODE
UNTIL X IS T]M9AT$ BY .=,'
: IS ! CAPITALS T]M9ATOR4
#C4AD ,DOT LOCATOR = 8USE0
.=""=
#C4AD4A ,USE A DOT LOCATOR =
8USE0 UNSPAC$ 2F A BRL
SYMBOL TO ASSURE T X W 2
PHYSICALLY RECOGNIZABLE4 ,A
BRL SYMBOL : HAS ONLY L[]
DOTS & : IS ISOLAT$ F O!R
TEXT MAY O!RWISE
#C4AD4A #BJ
SYMBOLS & 9D4 #CJ
2 MISR1D4 ,A BRL SYMBOL
PREC$$ BY A DOT LOCATOR =
8USE0 RETA9S XS NORMAL E6ECT
ON TEXT4
,EXAMPLES3
.<H1D+S ( A TABLE AB
PUNCTUA;N M>KS3.>
""=1 ""=2 ""=3
"333333 "333333 "333333
.<A GRID ( LRS3.>
""=;;;,,,
I D E A
T O R N
S T A T
""=,';'
#C4AE ,FEET .=7 .=' & 9*ES
.=77 .=,7
#C4AE4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE (
#C4AE4A #BA
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#CJ
! PRIME SIGN4
.1,NOTE3 ,! FOOT MAY 2 %[N
9 PR9T BY AN APO/ROPHE & !
9* BY A NONDIREC;NAL D\BLE
QUOTE4 ,? C 2 FOLL[$ 9 BRL4
,EXAMPLES3
#F7 #I77
#E7#AJ77 #D' #AA,7
,X77 L;G
#C4AF ,FEMALE "<,V5US">
.=^X & MALE "<,M>S"> .=^Y
SIGNS
#C4AF4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE (
! FEMALE "<,V5US"> & MALE
"<,M>S"> SIGNS4
---------------------------#CA
,EXAMPLE3
.<F A G51LOGY3.>
,AMY ,FLOR;E ,,SAMPSON ^X
#AHHA-#AIEF
#C4AF4A #BB
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#CA
,C>LYLE ,K5N$Y ,,SAMPSON ^Y
#AHHE-#AIGE
#C4AG ,MA!MATICAL SIGNS3
PLUS .="6 EQUALS .="7
MULTIPLICA;N .="8 DIVI.N
.="/ M9US .="- RATIO .=3
PROPOR;N .=33 LESS-?AN
.=@< & GRT]-?AN .=@>
#C4AG4A ,FOLL[ PR9T SPAC+ =
USE ( ! PLUS1 EQUALS1
MULTIPLICA;N1 DIVI.N1 M9US1
RATIO1 PROPOR;N1 LESS-?AN &
GRT]-?AN SIGNS :5 US$ 9 NON-
TE*NICAL MAT]IAL4
,EXAMPLES3
Z EASY Z #B "6 #B "7 #D
CORN "- ;C "6 ;B "7 BORN
#E IS #BE.0 ( #BJ "<#E "/
#BJ "8 #AJJ">
POSITRON @< POSI"<TIVE"> "6
"<ELEC">TRON
#C4AG4A #BC
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#CA
"6#DD"ABCD"EFGHIJ "<,,UK
PH"O NUMB]">
A FRAME ) AN OP5+
#G77,W"8#E77,H
---------------------------#CB
A MAP ) A SCALE (
#A3#EJJ1JJJ
H& 3 >M 33 FOOT 3 LEG
#C4AH ,MUSIC A3ID5TALS3
NATURAL .=#* FLAT .=#< %>P
.=#%
#C4AH4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = !
TRANSCRIP;N ( ! NATURAL1
FLAT & %>P SIGNS )9 ,,UEB
TEXT4
,EXAMPLES3
,B#< TRUMPET
,! ,C#% PAVILION IS "ND =
,CECIL ,%>P4
,! SCALE ( ;,G MAJOR 9CLUDES
! NOTE ,F#%4
#C4AH4A #BD
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#CB
,A JAZZ #B-#E-#A PROGRES.N 9
;,C M9OR CD 2 ,DM#G#<#E -
,G#G#%#I - ,CM#G4
,! #* SIGN ON A NOTE C.ELS !
E6ECT ( ANY #% OR #< 9 !
KEY SIGNATURE4
! DOM9ANT *ORD ;G-B#*-;D
---------------------------#CC
444 WE OBTA9 ! "S:AT M
TRANSP>5T RELA;N
,X;9#<"<,Y"> "7 @<,X1 ,Y@>
= ALL VECTORS ;,X & ;,Y4
#C4AH4B ,:5 ! NATURAL1 FLAT &
%>P SIGNS >E F.D )9 MUSICAL
NOTA;N1 USE ! PROVI.NS ( !
.7,NEW ,9T]NA;NAL ,MANUAL (
,BRL ,MUSIC ,NOTA;N.' = _!
TRANSCRIP;N4
#C4AH4B #BE
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#CC
#C4AI ,NUMB] SIGN
"<CROSSHAT*1 HA%1 P.D
SIGN"> .=_?
#C4AI4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = USE ( !
NUMB] SIGN4
,EXAMPLES3
_?#D ,APT4 _?,D
#BJ_? BAG ( FL\R
,PRESS ! _? KEY ON !
TELEPH"O4
#C4BJ ,P>AGRAPH .=^P &
SEC;N .=^S SIGNS
#C4BJ4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = USE ( !
P>AGRAPH & SEC;N SIGNS4
,EXAMPLES3
^P#C ^P,C ^PG
,CLICK ON ! ^P ICON ON !
TOOLB>4
^S#E ^S,K
#C4BJ4A #BF
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#CC
^SD ^S^S #E-#AE
#C4BA ,P]C5T SIGN .=.0
#C4BA4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = USE ( !
P]C5T SIGN4
---------------------------#CD
,EXAMPLES3
#E.0 #IE .0
A #EJ.0 9CR1SE
.0 ( POPULA;N
#C4BB ,%APES .=$
#C4BB4A ,9 NON-TE*NICAL
MAT]IAL1 LI/ ! COMPLETE %APE
SYMBOL "<)\T ANY GRADE #A
9DICATOR"> & XS M1N+ ON !
SYMBOLS PAGE OR 9 A
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4
.1,NOTE3 ,A GRADE #A
9DICATOR MAY NE$ TO 2 ADD$
2F ! SYMBOL 9 ! TEXT ( !
DOCU;T 2+ TRANSCRIB$4
#C4BB4A #BG
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#CD
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
#AA4G1 ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1 &
.7,GUIDEL9ES = ,TE*NICAL
,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P #AD1 = FUR!R
9=MA;N ON %APES2 & #C4BF =
TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ SYMBOLS4
,EXAMPLES3
.<A MULTI-LEVEL ORGANISA;N
*>T US+ BULLETS1 SQU>ES &
CIRCLES3.>
_4 ,VICE-,PRESID5T ,CLI5T
,S]VICES
;$#D ,DIRECTOR ,LIBR>Y
,S]VICES
;$= ,MANAG] ,BRL
,PRODUC;N
;$= ,MANAG] ,AUDIO
,PRODUC;N
;$#D ,DIRECTOR
,REHABILITA;N ,S]VICES
.<,A /UD5T TEXTBOOK USES !
#C4BB4A #BH
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#CD
FOLL[+ ICONS "<Z EXPLA9$ 9
! TEXT"> 2F C]TA9 MAT]IAL3
P5CIL,-,WRITE AN ESSAY2
PO9T+ F+],-,REMEMB]2 "Q
M>K 9 A CIRCLE,-,RESE>*4.>
---------------------------#CE
@$PENCIL ,RECYCL+ AT MY
H\SE4
@$POINT ,/EPS TO TE/ ACID;Y4
;$=[8 ,RECYCL+ 9 MY T[N4
#C4BC ,SPACE
#C4BC4A ,A SPACE IS A BLANK
>EA SEP>AT+ ^WS1 LRS1 NUMB]S
& PUNCTUA;N4 ,:5"E "! IS "S
AM.T ( SPACE 9 PR9T1 9CLUD+
AT ! 5D ( A L9E1 "! IS A
SPACE 9 BRL4 ,IF "! IS D\BT
Z TO :E!R A SPACE IS PRES5T
9 PR9T1 PRESUME "O IS
PRES5T4 ,! AM.T ( SPACE
PRES5T IS N 3SID]$
IMPORTANT4
#C4BC4A #BI
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#CE
.1,NOTE3 ,9 PR9T1 =MATT+ &
O!R TE*NIQUES C L1VE V>Y+
AM.TS ( SPACE4 ,9 BRL1
=MATT+ RULES MAY AL REQUIRE
V>Y+ AM.TS ( SPACE1 =
EXAMPLE TWO SPACES AT !
2G9N+ ( A P>AGRAPH & ALIGN+
TEXT 9 A TABLE4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #F4F1
,NUM]IC ,MODE1 = ! SPECIAL
CASE ( A SPACE US$ Z A
SEP>ATOR )9 A NUMB] & TO
,SEC;N #AA4B4B1 ,TE*NICAL
,MAT]IAL1 = SPAC+ 9
MA!MATICS4
,EXAMPLES3
,US+ A PROPOR;NAL FONT &
SETT+ ! P>AGRAPH M>G9S TO
ALIGN AT ! LEFT & ! "R1
PRODUCES V>Y+ AM.TS ( :ITE
SPACE 2T ^WS 9 PR9T4 ,?
V>IA;N IS IGNOR$ 9 BRL4
#C4BC4A #CJ
SYMBOLS & 9D4 #CF
,"S N\NS H ! SAME SPELL+ = !
S+UL> & ! PLURAL3 DE] %EEP
SALMON SPECIES ,*9ESE
.<,EXAMPLE ^WS >E WIDELY
SPAC$ 9 PR9T4.>
#C4BD ,SUBSCRIPT .=5 &
SUP]SCRIPT .=9 9DICATORS
#C4BD4A ,9DICATE ! SUBSCRIPT
OR SUP]SCRIPT POSI;N :5 US$
9 PR9T4 ,9 GRADE #B BRL1 USE
GRADE #A MODE = ! SUBSCRIPT
& ! SUP]SCRIPT 9DICATORS4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
#AA4D1 ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1 =
SUP]SCRIPTS & SUBSCRIPTS &
TO #C4D1 = BRL GR\P+
9DICATORS4
,EXAMPLES3
,W;9M ,H;5#B,O
#C YD;9#C #DM9#B
VITAM9 ,B;5#AB
#C4BD4A #CA
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#CF
BORN 9 #AFHB49#C
BORN 9 #AIHB49C
,AM]ICA;9#C "<,AM]ICA
,CUB$,-"N ( A SAIL+ %IP">
AN E>?QUAKE M1SUR+ #F4E,M5,W
! CL>ION;9#A HORN
;9#A CL>ION3 L\D & CLE>
#C4BE ,TILDE "<SWUNG DA%">
.=@9
#C4BE4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = USE ( !
TILDE4
---------------------------#CG
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #D4B1
,LRS & ,_! ,MODIFI]S1 = !
TILDE A35T ABV A LR4
,EXAMPLES3
.<F A DIC;N>Y3.>
H1D ;N4 ! TOP "P ( ! BODY
444 ,-^7BY A @9^' BY !
L5G? ( ! ANIMAL'S H1D1 Z 9
HORSE RAC+ ,-^7@9 OV]
#C4BE4A #CB
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#CG
HEELS^' TUMBL+ Z 9 A
SOM]SAULT
@9 VT4 TO 2 9 *>GE ( 444
,AN ECONOMI/ WD WRITE ;X @9
;Y TO 9DICATE T A 3SUM] IS
9DI6]5T 2T ! GDS ;X & ;Y4
HTTP3_/_/WWW4BUSI;S4COM_/@9"
Y\R"N
,"S P USE ! TILDE >.D ^WS TO
9DICATE AN 9FLECT$ T"O (
VOICE OR S++ Z 9 @9,HAPPY
BIR?"D TO Y\@9
#C4BF ,TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
SYMBOLS .=? .=#? .=@#?
.=^#? .=_#? .="#? .=.#?
#C4BF4A ,USE A TRANSCRIB]-
DEF9$ SYMBOL = ANY PR9T
SYMBOL : HAS NO ,,UEB
EQUIVAL5T & : O3URS S
FREQU5TLY 9 ! TEXT T ! USE (
A TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ %APE OR
#C4BF4A #CC
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#CG
COMPOSITE SYMBOL WD 2
---------------------------#CH
IMPRACTICAL4 ,LI/ EA*
TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ SYMBOL US$
& XS M1N+ ON ! SYMBOLS PAGE
OR 9 A TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4
.1,NOTE3 ,9 GRADE #B BRL1
USE GRADE #A MODE = ! F/
TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ PR9T
SYMBOL4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #D4B1
,LRS & ,_! ,MODIFI]S1 =
TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ MODIFI]S &
,SEC;N #I4E1 ,TYPE=MS1 =
TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ TYPE=M
9DICATORS4
,EXAMPLES3
,SYMBOLS US$ 9 ! FOLL[+
EXAMPLES3
.=? P] MILLE SIGN1 L A P]C5T
SIGN B ) TWO Z]OS 9 !
D5OM9ATOR
#C4BF4A #CD
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#CH
.=#? ,?AI ,BAHT CURR5CY
SIGN1 ;,B ) V]TICAL /ROKE
"? X
.=@#? FL[] SYMBOL
,! AV]AGE SAL9;Y ( S1WAT] IS
#CE?4
,! BAHT 0 FLOAT$ & HALV$ 9
VALUE1 R1*+ XS L[E/ RATE (
#?#EF TO ! DOLL> 9 ,JANU>Y
#AIIH4
,A LI/ ( ITEMS 9 : ^? T C 2
RECYCL$ >E M>K$ ) A FL[]
SYMBOL3
A]OSOL CANS @#?
BALLOONS
---------------------------#CI
BOOKS1 MAGAZ9ES @#?
CANS @#?
C]AMICS
#C4BF4A #CE
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#CI
#C4BG ,TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE
9DICATORS .=@.< .=@.>
#C4BG4A ,USE ! OP5+ & CLOS+
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE 9DICATORS
Z UNSPAC$ 5CLOSURES >.D ^WS
( EXPLANA;N ADD$ BY !
TRANSCRIB] & EMB$D$ )9 !
TEXT4 ,H["E1 D N USE
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE 9DICATORS
= NOTES ON A SEP>ATE
PRELIM9>Y PAGE SET UP
SPECIFICALLY TO LI/ G5]AL
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTES4
,EXAMPLES3
AN EXAM9A;N ( ! TABUL>
9=MA;N W
@.<,TEXT 3T9UES ON PAGE
#GH4@.>
.<,9 A "WBOOK ! TRANSCRIB]
GIVES A NUMB] 9/1D ( LI/+
#C4BG4A #CF
SYMBOLS & 9D4 B#CI
! BLANKS %[N 9 PR9T &
EXPLA9S X Z FOLL[S3.>
@.<,! NUMB] AF EA* "Q GIVES
! NUMB] ( ANSW]S NE$$4@.>
.<,9 AN ELE;T>Y "WBOOK1 !
TRANSCRIB] DECIDES N TO
USE TYPEFACE 9DICATORS &
9S]TS ! FOLL[+ NOTE3.>
@.<,ALL ! PUNCTUA;N M>KS >E
"UL9$ 9 ! P>AGRAPH 2L4@.>
@.<,! FOLL[+ ?REE TABLES
APPE> SIDE BY SIDE 9 !
PR9T4@.>
---------------------------#DJ
@.<,BRL SYMBOLS US$ ON !
FOLL[+ PAGE >E .=^N = 5G &
.=_5 = S*WA4@.>
@.<,9 ! TABLE 2L1 ! COLUMN
H1D+S >E A2REVIAT$ Z
#C4BG4A #CG
SYMBOLS & 9D4 A#DJ
FOLL[S3
EMP 9C3 ,EMPLOY;T ,9COME
PAYABLE3 ,APPROXIMATE ,TAX
,PAYABLE
AV]3 ,AV]AGE ,TAX ,RATE
M>G3 ,M>G9AL ,TAX ,RATE@.>
#C4BG4A #CH
#DA
,SEC;N #D3 ,LRS & ,_!
,MODIFI]S
#D4A ,5GLI% ALPHABET
.=A LR A .=,A CAPITAL LR ,A
.=B LR ;B .=,B CAPITAL LR ;,B
.=C LR ;C .=,C CAPITAL LR ;,C
.=D LR ;D .=,D CAPITAL LR ;,D
.=E LR ;E .=,E CAPITAL LR ;,E
.=F LR ;F .=,F CAPITAL LR ;,F
.=G LR ;G .=,G CAPITAL LR ;,G
.=H LR ;H .=,H CAPITAL LR ;,H
.=I LR I .=,I CAPITAL LR ,I
.=J LR ;J .=,J CAPITAL LR ;,J
.=K LR ;K .=,K CAPITAL LR ;,K
.=L LR ;L .=,L CAPITAL LR ;,L
.=M LR ;M .=,M CAPITAL LR ;,M
.=N LR ;N .=,N CAPITAL LR ;,N
.=O LR O .=,O CAPITAL LR ,O
.=P LR ;P .=,P CAPITAL LR ;,P
.=Q LR ;Q .=,Q CAPITAL LR ;,Q
.=R LR ;R .=,R CAPITAL LR ;,R
#D4A #CI
LRS & MODIF4 A#DA
.=S LR ;S .=,S CAPITAL LR ;,S
.=T LR ;T .=,T CAPITAL LR ;,T
.=U LR ;U .=,U CAPITAL LR ;,U
.=V LR ;V .=,V CAPITAL LR ;,V
.=W LR ;W .=,W CAPITAL LR ;,W
.=X LR ;X .=,X CAPITAL LR ;,X
.=Y LR ;Y .=,Y CAPITAL LR ;,Y
.=Z LR ;Z .=,Z CAPITAL LR ;,Z
#D4A4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = !
TRANSCRIP;N ( LRS4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #B4F1
,T]M9OLOGY & ,G5]AL ,RULES1
,SEC;N #E1 ,GRADE #A ,MODE1
,SEC;N #H1 ,CAPITALISA;N &
,SEC;N #AJ1 ,3TRAC;NS = M
9=MA;N4
---------------------------#DB
,EXAMPLES3
,A BOY & 8 DOG 7 ON ! PA?4
,MC,MURDO ,S.D
,O',FLAH]TY
#D4A4A #DJ
LRS & MODIF4 A#DB
! ,A TRA9 & ! ;,B TRA9
,,IBM OR ,MICROS(T
,,,SPOT6 G HOME6,'
YR ;,,CD PLAY] B MY ,,CD,'S
IL,,LOG,'ICAL
,O,FR "<,OLD ,FR5*">
#D4B ,MODIFI]S
.=@* SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%">
OV]LAY ON FOLL[+ LR
.=@3 HORIZONTAL /ROKE OV]LAY
ON FOLL[+ LR
.=@+ BREVE ABV FOLL[+ LR
.=@- MACRON ABV FOLL[+ LR
.=^& C$ILLA 2L FOLL[+ LR
.=^* GRAVE A35T ABV FOLL[+ LR
.=^% CIRCUMFLEX ABV FOLL[+ LR
.=^$ R+ "<CIRCLE"> ABV FOLL[+
LR
.=^] TILDE ABV FOLL[+ LR
.=^3 DIA]ESIS "<UMLAUT"> ABV
FOLL[+ LR
.=^/ ACUTE A35T ABV FOLL[+ LR
#D4B #DA
LRS & MODIF4 B#DB
.=^+ C>ON "<HACEK1 W$GE"> ABV
FOLL[+ LR
.=^_1 F/ TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
MODIFI] ON FOLL[+ LR
.=^_2 SECOND TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
MODIFI] ON FOLL[+ LR
.=^_- ?IRD TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
MODIFI] ON FOLL[+ LR
---------------------------#DC
.=,@* SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%">
OV]LAY ON FOLL[+ CAPITAL LR
.=,@3 HORIZONTAL /ROKE OV]LAY
ON FOLL[+ CAPITAL LR
.=,@+ BREVE ABV FOLL[+ CAPITAL
LR
.=,@- MACRON ABV FOLL[+
CAPITAL LR
.=,^& C$ILLA 2L FOLL[+ CAPITAL
LR
.=,^* GRAVE A35T ABV FOLL[+
CAPITAL LR
.=,^% CIRCUMFLEX ABV FOLL[+
CAPITAL LR
#D4B #DB
LRS & MODIF4 A#DC
.=,^$ R+ "<CIRCLE"> ABV FOLL[+
CAPITAL LR
.=,^] TILDE ABV FOLL[+ CAPITAL
LR
.=,^3 DIA]ESIS "<UMLAUT"> ABV
FOLL[+ CAPITAL LR
.=,^/ ACUTE A35T ABV FOLL[+
CAPITAL LR
.=,^+ C>ON "<HACEK1 W$GE"> ABV
FOLL[+ CAPITAL LR
.=,^_1 F/ TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
MODIFI] ON FOLL[+ CAPITAL LR
.=,^_2 SECOND TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
MODIFI] ON FOLL[+ CAPITAL LR
.=,^_- ?IRD TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
MODIFI] ON FOLL[+ CAPITAL LR
#D4B4A ,PLACE A MODIFI] 2F !
LR X MODIFIES 9 BRL1
IRRESPECTIVE ( :E!R X APPE>S
ABV1 2L OR OV]LAY+ !
LETT]"<S"> 9 PR9T4 ,:5"E A
TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ MODIFI] IS
#D4B4A #DC
LRS & MODIF4 B#DC
US$1 GIVE ! PR9T SYMBOL X
REPRES5TS 9 A TRANSCRIB]'S
NOTE OR ON A SYMBOLS PAGE4
,EXAMPLES3
CR^*EME BR^%UL^/EE
CAF^/E "<;,FR4">
CA6^*E "<,X4">
UN BEL D^*I
,IM ,FR^3UHL+
CURA^&C^]AO
SK^$AL6
MA^%ITRE D'H^%OTEL
---------------------------#DD
,^/ETI5NE H^/A^+CEK
,BJ@*ORN/J]NE ,BJ@*ORNSON
,BIA@*LKA ,RIV]
,^3ORESUND ,BRIDGE
,%@-AH ,JAH@-AN BUILT !
,T@-AJ ,MAHAL4
,S@+AP^%AN^_1TA1 ,ROMANIA
.<,9 ? EXAMPLE1 ! F/
TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ MODIFI]
#D4B4A #DD
LRS & MODIF4 A#DD
REPRES5TS A COMMA "U !
FOLL[+ LR4.>
,@3HA^_2G> ,QIM 9 ,MALTA
.<,9 ? EXAMPLE1 ! SECOND
TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$ MODIFI]
REPRES5TS A DOT ABV !
FOLL[+ LR4.>
#D4B4B ,IF AN 9DICATOR IS
REQUIR$ IMMLY 2F A MODIFI$
LR1 PLACE ! 9DICATOR 2F !
MODIFI]4
,EXAMPLES3
^1,^+ZDI>1 ^1,SLOVAKIA
,,,^*A LA C>TE M5U,'
#D4B4C ,MODIFI]S ON LRS D N
T]M9ATE CAPITALIS$ ^W MODE4
,EXAMPLE3
,,AO^%UT
#D4B4C #DE
LRS & MODIF4 B#DD
#D4B4D ,A MODIFI$ LR MAY N =M
"P ( A 3TRAC;N4
,EXAMPLES3
B.S^*ED
,G^/EN^/ERAL DE ,GAULLE
---------------------------#DE
,PROM^/E?^/EE 5*A^%IN^/E
B1U ID^/EAL
?^/E^%ATRE
,L^3OW5?AL SE^]NOR
,M^3AR*5 ,H^3ANDEL
.1,NOTE3 ,9 ^WS S* Z
.1?^/E^%ATRE ": ! 3TRAC;N =
.1THE IS N US$1 ! 3TRAC;N =
.1TH C 2 US$4
#D4B4E ,IF A S+LE MODIFI]
APPLIES TO M ?AN "O LR1
5CLOSE ! MODIFI$ LRS 9 BRL
GR\P+ 9DICATORS4 ,GRADE #A
9DICATORS >E N REQUIR$ = !
#D4B4E #DF
LRS & MODIF4 A#DE
BRL GR\P+ 9DICATORS S9CE !
MODIFI] C N 2 FOLL[$ BY A
3TRAC;N4
,EXAMPLE3
@-<OO> Z 9 TOOL
#D4B4F ,": A MODIFI] IS %[N 9
PR9T )\T AN ASSOCIAT$ LR1 Z
9 A DIC;N>Y 5TRY OR 9
9/RUC;NAL MAT]IAL1 FOLL[
PR9T4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;NS #C4F
& #C4BE1 ,G5]AL ,SYMBOLS &
,9DICATORS1 = ! C>ET & !
TILDE "<SWUNG DA%">2 &
,SEC;N #G4A1 PUNCTUA;N1 = !
SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%"> :5 ^!
>E SEP>ATE "*S R ?AN
MODIFI]S4
,EXAMPLE3
! ACUTE "<^/"> & GRAVE
#D4B4F #DG
LRS & MODIF4 B#DE
"<^*"> A35TS
#D4B4G ,USE ! MODIFI]S LI/$
ABV ONLY 9 =EIGN LANGUAGE
^WS & PHRASES 9 ,5GLI% 3TEXT
9T5D$ PRIM>ILY = LEISURE
R1D+1 9 ,5GLI% ^WS OR 9
ANGLICIS$ ^WS & PHRASES4
,": A SIGNIFICANT K ( A
=EIGN LANGUAGE IS PRESUPPOS$
OR IS 2+ TAU<T1 USE SIGNS F
! 9DIG5\S =EIGN LANGUAGE BRL
CODE4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #AC1
,=EIGN ,LANGUAGE1 = M
GUID.E4
---------------------------#DF
#D4B4H ,USE ! MODIFI]S 9 ?
SEC;N = L+UI/IC A35TS &
DIACRITICS ONLY & N =
MODIFI]S 9 MA!MATICS OR =
SYMBOLS 9 COMPUT] PROGRAMM+
EV5 IF _! APPE>.E IS
#D4B4H #DH
LRS & MODIF4 A#DF
VISUALLY SIMIL> 9 PR9T4
.7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL4.'
#D4C ,LIGATUR$ LRS
.=^6 LIGATURE 9DICATOR
.=,^6 LIGATURE 9DICATOR ":
ONLY FOLL[+ LR IS CAPITALIS$
#D4C4A ,PLACE ! LIGATURE
9DICATOR 2T TWO LRS : >E
JO9$ TO EA* O!R 9 PR9T4
,V>I\S ME?ODS >E US$ 9 PR9T
TO JO9 LRS1 9CLUD+ B N
LIMIT$ TO CROSS B>S 2T !
LRS1 TIE B>S OR SLURS OV] OR
"U ! LRS1 & LRS JO9$ TGR &
PR9T$ Z "O SYMBOL4 ,DESCRIBE
! ME?OD US$ 9 A TRANSCRIB]'S
NOTE OR ON ! SYMBOLS PAGE4
,EXAMPLES3
,CO^6EUR DE ,LION
#D4C4A #DI
LRS & MODIF4 B#DF
HELP T^6HE MAN FI^6END T^6HE
RO^6ED .<AN EXP]I;TAL
ALPHABET.>
#D4C4B ,! LIGATURE 9DICATOR IS
3SID]$ A MODIFI]4 ,X DOES N
T]M9ATE CAPITALIS$ ^W MODE &
A LR JO9$ TO ANO!R BY A
LIGATURE MAY N =M "P ( A
3TRAC;N4
,EXAMPLE3
,,O^6EDIPUS
#D4C4C ,AN 9DICATOR 2F ! F/ LR
JO9$ TO ANO!R BY A LIGATURE
APPLIES ONLY TO ! F/ LR4 ,:5
AN 9DICATOR IS REQUIR$ = !
SECOND LR1 PLACE ! 9DICATOR
2F ! LIGATURE 9DICATOR4
,EXAMPLES3
,A,^6ETNA
#D4C4C #EJ
LRS & MODIF4 C#DF
.1T^6H Z 9 !
---------------------------#DG
,T^6H@+ESSAL@-ON@+IAN
#D4C4D ,:5 A MODIFI] IS
REQUIR$ = A LR JO9$ TO ANO!R
BY A LIGATURE1 PLACE !
MODIFI] IMMLY 2F ! LR TO : X
APPLIES4 ,:5 A S+LE MODIFI]
APPLIES TO BO? LRS1 USE BRL
GR\P+ 9DICATORS4
,EXAMPLES3
@-A^6E OR A^6@-E8
,HW@-<A^6E>R .<,OLD ,5GLI%.>
#D4C4E ,D N USE ! LIGATURE
9DICATOR = ! AE & OE
DIPH?;GS UN.S ! LRS >E JO9$
Z LIGATURES 9 PR9T4
,EXAMPLES3
AEGIS AMOEBA
#D4C4E #EA
LRS & MODIF4 A#DG
#D4C4F ,USE ! LIGATURE
9DICATOR ONLY :5 ! LIGATURE
HAS M1N+ & N :5 X IS M]ELY
AN ASPECT ( ! PR9T FONT 2+
US$4
,EXAMPLE3
,9 "S FONTS ! LRS APPE>
JO9$4
#D4D ,5G & S*WA
.=^N 5G .=,^N CAPITAL 5G
.=_5 S*WA .=,_5 CAPITAL S*WA
#D4D4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = !
TRANSCRIP;N ( ^! PRONUNCIA;N
SYMBOLS4
,EXAMPLE3
M5+OCO3US "<M_5 NI^N^.2 G@-O
K^3AK^.B _5S">
#D4D4A #EB
LRS & MODIF4 #DH
#D4D4B ,! 5G & S*WA >E AL
SYMBOLS 9 ! ,9T]NA;NAL
,PHONETIC ,ALPHABET4 ,:5 !
SYMBOLS APPE> 9 PHONETIC
MAT]IAL1 USE .1,,IPA .1,BRL
TO TRANSCRIBE ! PHONETIC
TEXT4
#D4E ,GREEK LRS
.=.A ,GREEK ALPHA
.=.B ,GREEK 2TA
.=.G ,GREEK GAMMA
.=.D ,GREEK DELTA
.=.E ,GREEK EPSILON
.=.Z ,GREEK ZETA
.=.: ,GREEK ETA
.=.? ,GREEK !TA
.=.I ,GREEK IOTA
.=.K ,GREEK KAPPA
.=.L ,GREEK LAMBDA
.=.M ,GREEK MU
.=.N ,GREEK NU
.=.X ,GREEK XI
#D4E #EC
LRS & MODIF4 A#DH
.=.O ,GREEK OMICRON
.=.P ,GREEK PI
.=.R ,GREEK RHO
.=.S ,GREEK SIGMA
.=.T ,GREEK TAU
.=.U ,GREEK UPSILON
.=.F ,GREEK PHI
.=.& ,GREEK *I
.=.Y ,GREEK PSI
.=.W ,GREEK OMEGA
.=,.A CAPITAL ,GREEK ALPHA
.=,.B CAPITAL ,GREEK 2TA
.=,.G CAPITAL ,GREEK GAMMA
.=,.D CAPITAL ,GREEK DELTA
---------------------------#DI
.=,.E CAPITAL ,GREEK EPSILON
.=,.Z CAPITAL ,GREEK ZETA
.=,.: CAPITAL ,GREEK ETA
.=,.? CAPITAL ,GREEK !TA
.=,.I CAPITAL ,GREEK IOTA
.=,.K CAPITAL ,GREEK KAPPA
.=,.L CAPITAL ,GREEK LAMBDA
#D4E #ED
LRS & MODIF4 A#DI
.=,.M CAPITAL ,GREEK MU
.=,.N CAPITAL ,GREEK NU
.=,.X CAPITAL ,GREEK XI
.=,.O CAPITAL ,GREEK OMICRON
.=,.P CAPITAL ,GREEK PI
.=,.R CAPITAL ,GREEK RHO
.=,.S CAPITAL ,GREEK SIGMA
.=,.T CAPITAL ,GREEK TAU
.=,.U CAPITAL ,GREEK UPSILON
.=,.F CAPITAL ,GREEK PHI
.=,.& CAPITAL ,GREEK *I
.=,.Y CAPITAL ,GREEK PSI
.=,.W CAPITAL ,GREEK OMEGA
#D4E4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = !
TRANSCRIP;N ( ,GREEK LRS4
,USE ! ,GREEK LRS LI/$ ABV 9
,5GLI% 3TEXTS OR ,5GLI%
TE*NICAL MAT]IALS4
,EXAMPLES3
,USE .P 9 ! EQUA;N4
,= ,.S R1D SUM4
#D4E4A #EE
LRS & MODIF4 B#DI
.M.M /&S = MICROMICRON4
,%E IS A MEMB] ( ,,.F.B.K4
! ,.A & ! ,.W
,,,! .A & ! .W,'
---------------------------#EJ
#D4E4B ,USE SIGNS F ! ,GREEK
=EIGN LANGUAGE BRL CODE =
PASSAGES ": A SIGNIFICANT K
( ,GREEK IS PRESUPPOS$ OR ":
! ,GREEK LANGUAGE IS 2+
TAU<T4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #AC1
,=EIGN ,LANGUAGE1 = M
GUID.E4
#D4E4B #EF
#EA
,SEC;N #E3 ,GRADE #A
,MODE
.=; GRADE #A SYMBOL 9DICATOR
.=;; GRADE #A ^W 9DICATOR
.=;;; GRADE #A PASSAGE
9DICATOR
.=;' GRADE #A T]M9ATOR
#E4A ,MODE 9DICATORS
.1,NOTE3 ,A BRL SYMBOL MAY
H BO? A GRADE #A M1N+ & A
3TRAC;N "<GRADE #B"> M1N+4
,"S SYMBOLS MAY AL H A
NUM]IC M1N+4
#E4A4A ,A GRADE #A 9DICATOR IS
US$ TO SET GRADE #A MODE :5
! GRADE #A M1N+ ( A SYMBOL
CD 2 MISR1D Z A 3TRAC;N M1N+
OR A NUM]IC M1N+4
#E4A4B ,! EXT5T ( GRADE #A
MODE IS DET]M9$ BY ! GRADE
#E4A4B #EG
GRADE #A MODE A#EA
#A 9DICATOR 9 USE4
#E4B ,GRADE #A SYMBOL
9DICATOR .=;
#E4B4A ,! GRADE #A SYMBOL
9DICATOR SETS GRADE #A MODE
= ! NEXT SYMBOL4
.1,NOTE3 ,A GRADE #A
SYMBOL 9DICATOR IS N REQUIR$
2F ! LRS A1 I & O1 2C !Y D N
H A 3TRAC;N M1N+ :5 !Y /&
AL"O4
,EXAMPLES3
! V[ELS >E3 A1 ;E1 I1 O & ;U
,MRS ;,X & ,MR ,O
;,J4 ;,S4 ,BA*
#BB;B #BB,B #BBP
ADAGIO ;E CANTABILE
,ADD EI ;8 OR 6 TO EA*
S5T;E4
.<"Q M>K & EXCLAMA;N M>K.>
#E4B4A #EH
GRADE #A MODE #EB
,9 ,SMI?;9#EF WE F9D 444
JIM@ATAKE#B4;COM
#E4C ,GRADE #A ^W 9DICATOR
.=;;
#E4C4A ,! GRADE #A ^W 9DICATOR
SETS GRADE #A MODE = ! NEXT
SYMBOLS-SEQU;E OR ! REMA9D]
( ! CURR5T SYMBOLS-SEQU;E4
#E4C4B ,! E6ECT ( A GRADE #A
^W 9DICATOR IS T]M9AT$ BY A
SPACE OR A GRADE #A
T]M9ATOR4
.1,REF] .1TO3 #E4E1 = !
,GRADE #A ,T]M9ATOR4
,EXAMPLES3
,I SPELL X ;;U-N-T-I-D-Y4
REPLACE ,I ) ;;(,E./,R)
#E4D ,GRADE #A PASSAGE
9DICATOR .=;;;
#E4D4A ,! GRADE #A PASSAGE
#E4D4A #EI
GRADE #A MODE A#EB
9DICATOR SETS GRADE #A MODE
= ! NEXT PASSAGE4
#E4D4B ,A GRADE #A PASSAGE IS
T]M9AT$ BY ! GRADE #A
T]M9ATOR4
,EXAMPLES3
,HE SPELT ;;;,H-O ,C-H-I
,M-I-N-H;' ,C;Y4
,FACTORISE3
;;;Y "7 X9#B"-#D2
Y "7 X9#B"-#BX2
Y "7 X"-X9#B4;'
#E4D4C ,TO PRES]VE ! NATURAL
L9E-BY-L9E >RANGE;T ( !
TEXT1 E4G4 9 A COMPUT]
PROGRAM OR A SET ( EQUA;NS 9
MA!MATICS1 PLACE ! GRADE #A
PASSAGE 9DICATOR ON A
SEP>ATE L9E ABV ! GRADE #A
TEXT
#E4D4C #FJ
GRADE #A MODE #EC
& ! GRADE #A T]M9ATOR ON A
SEP>ATE L9E 2L ! TEXT4 ,:5 ?
ME?OD IS US$1 PREC$E EA*
9DICATOR BY ! DOT LOCATOR =
8USE0 .=""=4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
#C4AD1 ,G5]AL ,SYMBOLS &
,9DICATORS1 = ! DOT LOCATOR
= 8USE04
#E4E ,GRADE #A T]M9ATOR
.=;'
#E4E4A ,! GRADE #A T]M9ATOR
USUALLY FOLL[S IMMLY AF !
LA/ A6ECT$ SYMBOLS-SEQU;E (
A GRADE #A PASSAGE4
#E4E4B ,USE ! GRADE #A
T]M9ATOR :5 X IS NEC TO
T]M9ATE GRADE #A MODE 2F !
5D ( A SYMBOLS-SEQU;E4
,EXAMPLE3
;;P-P-P-P-P-P-P-;'P]I%+
#E4E4B #FA
GRADE #A MODE A#EC
#E4F ,NUM]IC 9DICATOR .=#
#E4F4A ,GRADE #A MODE IS AL
SET BY ! NUM]IC 9DICATOR4
,EXAMPLES3
#AST
%OPP+#DYOU
#DSTARHOTEL@AWEBNET4COM
#E4F4B ,:5 GRADE #A MODE IS
SET BY ! NUM]IC 9DICATOR X
IS T]M9AT$ BY A SPACE1
HYPH51 DA% OR GRADE #A
T]M9ATOR4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #F4E1
,NUM]IC ,MODE4
,EXAMPLES3
,I'LL G #CRD,-Y G #DTH4
#C-;,D
---------------------------#ED
#C-DIM5.NAL
#E4F4B #FB
GRADE #A MODE A#ED
#E-;,,CD SET
C3_*P]SONAL_*#BJJI;'F9.ES
#E4G ,GRADE #A MODE AVOIDS
3FU.N ) 3TRAC;NS
#E4G4A ,GRADE #A MODE IS
REQUIR$ TO PREV5T A LR F 2+
MISR1D Z AN ALPHABETIC
^WSIGN4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
#AJ4A1 ,3TRAC;NS4
,EXAMPLES3
;B,-;E ;B-#A
;,B-T1M
EV-]-;Y-:-WAY
5D+ 9 ,-;S OR ,-ES
;,V,-,,VII VIII-;X
,:AT H Y ;D,-
,:AT H Y ;D444
;P4 #G P4#G
P#G
! LRS 8A0 TO 8;G0
#E4G4A #FC
GRADE #A MODE B#ED
,SEC;NS "<;H"> & "<I">4
,DID ';E ';N' ,MA GET TO
';T8
C_/O MA^%ITRE ;D'
! P'S "R
;P'S & ;Q'S4
LR .2;D
---------------------------#EE
.78;,X M>KS ! SPOT40.'
,DR ;,J4 ;,F4 ,SMI?1 ,M4,D4
;;S-P-E-L-L-I-N-G
#E4G4B ,GRADE #A MODE IS
REQUIR$ TO PREV5T A LRS-
SEQU;E F 2+ MISR1D Z A
%ORT=M OR Z 3TA9+ A %ORT=M4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
#AJ4I1 ,3TRAC;NS4
,EXAMPLES3
;,,CD-,,ROM
8;,HM60 HE MUS$4
,CD Y BUY A ,,CD_/,,DVD8
#E4G4B #FD
GRADE #A MODE A#EE
,MY FRS >E ;,FR ,T$ & ,SR
,ANN4
! ;,IMM FAMILY
;AL D5TE
,USE ! ;,,ALT KEY4
;,,NEC "<,NA;NAL ,EXECUTIVE
,COMMITTEE">
;;OZBRL "<,AU/RALIAN
LI/S]VE">
#E4H ,GRADE #A 9DICATORS &
CAPITALISA;N
#E4H4A ,A GRADE #A 9DICATOR
PREC$ES A CAPITALISA;N
9DICATOR4
,EXAMPLE3
;,,,T-%IRTS = SALE,'
---------------------------#EF
#E4I ,*OICE ( 9DICATORS
.1,NOTE3 ,AN EXT5D$ GRADE
#A MODE1 I4E4 GRADE #A ^W OR
#E4I #FE
GRADE #A MODE A#EF
GRADE #A PASSAGE MODE1 MAY 2
US$ = NON-LIT]>Y EXPRES.NS4
,? IS ESPECIALLY USE;L 9
MA!MATICS & COMPUT]
PROGRAMM+ TEXTS4 ,H["E1
KEEP+ 9 M9D ! G5]AL PR9CIPLE
T ! RESULT+ BRL %D 2 Z EASY
TO R1D Z POSSIBLE1 X IS (T5
APPROPRIATE TO USE 3TRACT$
BRL ) A GRADE #A 9DICATOR =
J ^? SYMBOLS T C 2 MISR1D Z
3TRAC;NS4 ,X IS RECOMM5D$ T
3TRACT$ BRL IS US$ = EMAIL
ADDRESSES1 FILE"NS & WEB
ADDRESSES4
#E4I4A ,Z ^WS >E MO/ EASILY
RECOGNIS$ :5 PRES5T$ 9 _!
FAMILI> 3TRACT$ =M1 M9IMISE
! NUMB] ( SWIT*ES 2T GRADES1
! NUMB] ( 9DICATORS REQUIR$
& ! NUMB] ( CELLS US$4
#E4I4A #FF
GRADE #A MODE B#EF
,EXAMPLES3
;;UN-E-MO-TION-AL
.<R ?AN.>
UN-;E-MO-TION-;AL
;;C-H-E-E-S-E
;;BR-R-R-R
;D-DON'T
;;D-D-D-DON'T
AB-;;F-F-F-FACE
;D-;D-;D-DIC;N>Y
.<R ?AN.>
;;D-D-D-;'DIC;N>Y
;P-;P-PL1SE
.<R ?AN.> ;;P-P-PLEASE
;;S-S-S-S-;'SUP]-ST-/I;N
#E4I4B ,R$UCE ! 9DICATORS )9
EQUA;NS4 ,:5 R1D+ MA!MATICAL
EXPRES.NS1 PASSAGE 9DICATORS
>E LESS 9TRUSIVE ?AN 9T]IOR
9DICATORS4
.7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
#E4I4B #FG
GRADE #A MODE C#EF
,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P
#A4G4
---------------------------#EG
,EXAMPLE3
;;;X9(A./B)Y "7 X;'
.<OR.> ;;X9(A./B)Y "7 ;X
.<R ?AN.>
X;9;(A./B;)Y "7 ;X
#E4AJ ,OP;NAL USE ( !
GRADE #A 9DICATOR
#E4AJ4A ,:5 AN EXPRES.N 9
GRADE #A MODE WD 2 EQUIVAL5T
TO ! SAME TEXT 9 GRADE #B
MODE 2C NO 3TRAC;NS WD O3UR1
A GRADE #A 9DICATOR MAY 2
US$ AL? X IS N REQUIR$4
,EXAMPLE3
,! 5G9E /UTT]$ ;;RM-M-M-M-M
!N ;;RM-MM-MM-MM !N SETTL$
9TO ;;R-MMMMMMM4
#E4AJ4A #FH
GRADE #A MODE A#EG
#E4AA ,USE ( GRADE #A
9DICATORS 9 GRADE #A TEXT
#E4AA4A ,9 A "W 5TIRELY 9
GRADE #A BRL "<T IS1 US+ NO
3TRAC;NS">1 GRADE #A
9DICATORS >E N US$ EXCEPT Z
REQUIR$ = O!R R1SONS1 E4G4 =
! L[]CASE LRS A-;J IMMLY
FOLL[+ DIGITS1 & A "Q M>K 9
AN UNUSUAL POSI;N4
,EXAMPLES3
,C IS FOR CANDY4
,QUESTION #C;C
#E4AA4A #FI
GRADE #A MODE B#EG
#E4AA4A #GJ
#EH-#EI
,SEC;N #F3 ,NUM]IC ,MODE
.=#A DIGIT "O
.=#B DIGIT TWO
.=#C DIGIT ?REE
.=#D DIGIT F\R
.=#E DIGIT FIVE
.=#F DIGIT SIX
.=#G DIGIT SEV5
.=#H DIGIT EI<T
.=#I DIGIT N9E
.=#J DIGIT Z]O
.=#1 COMMA "<DECIMAL SIGN">
.=#4 FULL /OP "<P]IOD1 DECIMAL
SIGN">
.=A TO .=J DIGIT "<9 NUM]IC
MODE ONLY">
.="A TO .="J NUM]IC SPACE PLUS
DIGIT "<9 NUM]IC MODE ONLY">
.=# SPAC$ NUM]IC 9DICATOR "<2F
SPACE">
.=## NUM]IC PASSAGE 9DICATOR
#F #GA
NUM]IC MODE A#EI
"<2F SPACE">
.=#' NUM]IC PASSAGE T]M9ATOR
.=" L9E 3T9UA;N 9DICATOR "<AT
5D ( L9E">
.="" L9E 3T9UA;N 9DICATOR )
SPACE "<AT 5D ( L9E">
.=/ SIMPLE NUM]IC FRAC;N L9E
"<9 NUM]IC MODE ONLY">
#F4A ,NUM]IC 9DICATORS
.=#A .=#B .=#C .=#D .=#E
.=#F .=#G .=#H .=#I .=#J
.=#1 .=#4
.1,NOTE3 ,^! TWELVE
SYMBOLS >E ! T5 DIGITS & !
TWO SYMBOLS : >E US$ Z
DECIMAL SIGNS4 ,!Y >E AL
NUM]IC 9DICATORS4
#F4A4A ,NUM]IC 9DICATORS SET
NUM]IC MODE = ! REMA9D] ( !
SYMBOLS-SEQU;E4
#F4A4A #GB
NUM]IC MODE #FJ
#F4B ,NUM]IC MODE SYMBOLS
#F4B4A ,! FOLL[+ SYMBOLS MAY
O3UR 9 NUM]IC MODE3
_4 ! T5 DIGITS2
_4 FULL /OP "<P]IOD">2
_4 COMMA2
_4 ! T5 NUM]IC SPACE-DIGIT
SYMBOLS2
_4 SIMPLE NUM]IC FRAC;N L9E2
&
_4 ! TWO L9E 3T9UA;N
9DICATORS4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
#AA4C1 ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1
= ! DEF9I;N ( A SIMPLE
FRAC;N & ! USE ( G5]AL
FRAC;N 9DICATORS4
,EXAMPLES3
#FB #AIEI
#C1EJJ #H4IC
#4G #J4G
#F4B4A #GC
NUM]IC MODE A#FJ
#H1IC #1G
#J1G P>4 #D4B4B
#D"EJJ"JJJ .<SPACES 9 PR9T.>
,! TEMP]ATURE ( ! UNIV]SE 0
#AJJ1JJJ1JJJ1JJJ1JJJ1JJJ1"
JJJ1JJJ1JJJ1JJJ1JJJ^J,C4
.<OR :5 PR9T USES SPACES3.>
,! TEMP]ATURE ( ! UNIV]SE 0
#AJJ"JJJ"JJJ"JJJ"JJJ"JJJ""
JJJ"JJJ"JJJ"JJJ"JJJ^J,C4
#C/H #E#C/H
---------------------------#FA
#F4C ,T]M9A;N ( NUM]IC
MODE
#F4C4A ,A SPACE OR ANY SYMBOL
N LI/$ 9 #F4B4A T]M9ATES
NUM]IC MODE4
,EXAMPLES3
#G3#CJ A4M4
#AJ3#AB3#BJJI
#F4C4A #GD
NUM]IC MODE A#FA
#I-#AJ
#AIAD,-#AH
#B4E-#E
#H-CAB FLEET
,! SCORE 0 #D,-#C
#G"-#E "7 #B
#B-#A/B
#A/D-#A/B TSP
#F#A/D,-#F#A/B
#A_/#D CUP
MODEL #JI_/#EB
ON CALL #BD_/#G
#G"<#B">
#G"<B">
#D,-#G
#D44G
#D_1#EF_'#G
#F4D ,PLACE;T ( NUM]IC
PREFIX ) FULL /OP
"<P]IOD">
#F4D4A ,:5 A FULL /OP
"<P]IOD"> IS FOLL[$ BY A
#F4D4A #GE
NUM]IC MODE B#FA
NUMB]1 X PREC$ES ! NUM]IC
PREFIX .=# UN.S X IS CLE> T
X IS A DECIMAL PO9T4
---------------------------#FB
,EXAMPLES3
,PIANO ,SONATA ,NO4#AF 9 ;,C
MAJOR IS ,K4#EDE4
#C/H "7 #4CGE
#F4E ,NUM]IC 9DICATORS SET
GRADE #A MODE
#F4E4A ,A NUM]IC 9DICATOR AL
SETS GRADE #A MODE4 ,GRADE
#A MODE1 :5 SET BY A NUM]IC
9DICATOR1 IS T]M9AT$ BY A
SPACE1 HYPH51 DA% OR GRADE
#A T]M9ATOR4
#F4E4B ,:ILE GRADE #A MODE IS
9 E6ECT1 A GRADE #A 9DICATOR
IS N REQUIR$ UN.S A L[]CASE
LR A,-;J FOLL[S A DIGIT1
FULL /OP_/P]IOD OR COMMA4
#F4E4B #GF
NUM]IC MODE A#FB
,EXAMPLES3
#CB #C;B
#C,B #CM
#D4B #D4;B
#D4,B #D4M
REPORT#C4;DOC
REPORT#C4XLS
444 9 ! ,SECOND ,_W ,W>;9#B
#AICI,-#AIDE49#C
#F4E4C ,:ILE GRADE #A MODE IS
9 E6ECT1 3TRAC;NS MAY N
FOLL[ A NUMB]4
,EXAMPLES3
H\SES#DLEASE
,HE CAME #DTH 9 ! RACE4
---------------------------#FC
#F4E4D ,GRADE #A MODE IS
T]M9AT$ BY A HYPH5 OR DA%1
?US ALL[+ 3TRAC;NS TO 2 US$
#F4E4D #GG
NUM]IC MODE A#FC
AG4 ,"!=E1 A LR OR LRS T CD
R1D Z A 3TRAC;N W NE$ !
GRADE #A 9DICATOR4
,EXAMPLES3
,IF Y G #AST,-W ,I G #BND8
,I H A #F-;,,CD BOX$ SET4
,"! >E #C B$S 9 ? #D-B$ W>D4
9 #AIGJ,-AB ,M>*
#C-DIM5.NAL
#C-;,D
,! #F-C PACK,-"U S1T #F-;C4
ONLY #D,-M PL1SE
#D-;M
#BJ-;YR P]IOD
#BJYR P]IOD
#F4F ,! NUM]IC SPACE .="A
.="B .="C .="D .="E .="F
.="G .="H .="I .="J
.1,NOTE3 ,! T5 SYMBOLS
.="A TO .="J H ! M1N+ 8SPACE
& FOLL[+ DIGIT0 )9 A NUMB]4
#F4F #GH
NUM]IC MODE B#FC
,SPACES %D 2 REPRES5T$ 9 ?
WAY :5 !Y >E CLE>LY NUM]IC
SPACES4 ,= EXAMPLE A S+LE
TELEPH"O NUMB] WD 2 3SID]$ Z
"O NUMB]1 EV5 ?\< X 9CLUDES
C.TRY1 C;Y1 & EX*ANGE CODES
Z "PS4 ,IF X IS N CLE> T A
SPACE IS A SEP>ATOR 9 A S+LE
NUMB] X %D 2 TR1T$ Z AN
ORD9>Y SPACE4
---------------------------#FD
#F4F4A ,:5 SPACES >E US$ Z
SEP>ATORS )9 A S+LE NUMB]
USE ! T5 SYMBOLS .="A TO
.="J TO REPRES5T ! SPACE &
XS FOLL[+ DIGIT4
,EXAMPLES3
POPULA;N3 #C"BDE"JJJ
,,ISBN3 #IGH"A"EEDFH"EAC"D
PH"O3 "<#FA"> #C"ABCD"EFGH
DATE3 #AIDG"JH"CA
"T3 #AF"JJ
#F4F4A #GI
NUM]IC MODE A#FD
#F4G ,TR1T;T ( DATES1 "T1
CO9AGE1 ETC4
#F4G4A ,:5 TRANSCRIB+ DATES1
"T1 CO9AGE1 ORD9AL NUMB]S1
PO/AL CODES OR TELEPH"O
NUMB]S3 FOLL[ PR9T PUNCTUA;N
& ORD] ( SYMBOLS4
.7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P
#B1 = M EXAMPLES4
,EXAMPLES3
#G_/#AA_/#EI
#G4AA4EI
#AIFJ'S
'#GJS & '#HJS
#AJ3#CJ A4M4
#AJ4CJ AM
@S#H4GE
@L#H4GE
,R#H1GE
@S#A1EJJ4JJ
#F4G4A #HJ
NUM]IC MODE #FE
@E#A4EJJ1JJ
#BND
#B;D
#A;ER .<PREMI].>
,M#D,G #C,E#H
,W#A,N #I,,LF
,N#AB #G,,BT
"<#DAF"> #DHF-#BEJJ
,= A TAXI CALL #AC-CABS4
TELEPH"O #ACJJ-VI.N
#A-#HJJ-,,SLEEP#HH
,,ISBN #J-#AD-#CJJDAD-;,X
#F4H ,SPAC$ NUM]IC
9DICATOR .=#
#F4H4A ,! SPAC$ NUM]IC
9DICATOR ALL[S "O OR M
SPACES TO 9T]V5E 2T ! NUM]IC
PREFIX & ! ROOT T WD
NORMALLY FOLL[ IMMLY TO =M A
DIGIT OR A DECIMAL PO9T OR
COMMA4
#F4H4A #HA
NUM]IC MODE A#FE
,EXAMPLE3
@S# D4EJ
#AJ4JJ
# 4EJ
"3333333
@S#AE4JJ
---------------------------#FF
#F4I ,NUM]IC PASSAGE
9DICATOR .=## & NUM]IC
T]M9ATOR .=#'
#F4I4A ,! NUM]IC PASSAGE
9DICATOR SETS NUM]IC MODE &
GRADE #A MODE = ALL TEXT
UNTIL ! T]M9ATOR IS R1*$4
#F4I4B ,! NUM]IC T]M9ATOR
FOLL[S IMMLY AF ! LA/ A6ECT$
SYMBOLS-SEQU;E1 EXCEPT Z 9
#F4I4D 2L4
#F4I4C ,NUM]IC 9DICATORS >E N
US$ 9 A NUM]IC PASSAGE & ANY
#F4I4C #HB
NUM]IC MODE A#FF
L[]CASE LR A-;J IS PREC$$ BY
A GRADE #A 9DICATOR4
#F4I4D ,TO PRES]VE ! G5]AL
=MAT ( ! 5CLOS$ TEXT !
NUM]IC PASSAGE 9DICATOR MAY
2 PLAC$ BY XF ON A L9E ABV &
! T]M9ATOR ON A L9E 2L !
TEXT4
.1,NOTE3 ,A NUM]IC PASSAGE
MAY 2 USE;L 9 CASES S* Z A
L;G "W$ EXAMPLE 9 MA!MATICS1
A S]IES ( >I?METIC EX]CISES1
OR A TABLE ) MO/LY NUM]IC
3T5T4
.7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P
#D1 = SPATIAL >I?METIC
EXAMPLES ILLU/RAT+ ! USE (
BO? ! SPAC$ NUM]IC 9DICATOR
& ! NUM]IC PASSAGE 9DICATOR4
#F4I4D #HC
NUM]IC MODE B#FF
#F4AJ ,DIVI.N ( A NUMB] 2T
L9ES
#F4AJ4A ,AVOID DIVI.N ( A
NUMB] 2T L9ES UN.S 3SID]ABLE
SPACE IS SAV$4 ,IF DIVI.N IS
NEC USE ! APPROPRIATE L9E
3T9UA;N 9DICATOR & OBS]VE !
FOLL[+ RULES4
#F4AJ4B ,:5 X IS NEC TO BR1K A
L;G NUMB] ACR L9ES1 PLACE !
BR1K 9 A LOGICAL PLACE,-AT A
NUM]IC SPACE1 OR AF A COMMA
: IS 2+ US$ Z A SEP>ATOR,-N
2T TWO DIGITS4
#F4AJ4C ,:5 ! DIVI.N O3URS AF
A SEP>AT+ COMMA1 OR 2T TWO
DIGITS 9 A NUMB] : COMPRISES
A L>GE /R+ ( DIGITS ) NO
SEP>ATORS1 USE ! "O-CELL L9E
3T9UA;N 9DICATOR .=" AT ! 5D
( ! L9E4
#F4AJ4D ,:5 ! DIVI.N TAKES
#F4AJ4D #HD
NUM]IC MODE C#FF
PLACE AT A NUM]IC SPACE1 USE
! TWO-CELL L9E 3T9UA;N
9DICATOR .="" AT ! 5D ( !
L9E4
#F4AJ4E ,S9CE ! L9E 3T9UA;N
9DICATORS D N T]M9ATE NUM]IC
MODE A NUM]IC 9DICATOR IS N
REQUIR$ 9 ! NEXT L9E4
---------------------------#FG
,EXAMPLES3
,! TEMP]ATURE ( ! UNIV]SE 0
#AJJ1JJJ1JJJ1JJJ1JJJ1JJJ1"
JJJ1JJJ1JJJ1JJJ1JJJ^J,C4
.<OR :5 PR9T USES SPACES3.>
,! TEMP]ATURE ( ! UNIV]SE 0
#AJJ"JJJ"JJJ"JJJ"JJJ"JJJ""
JJJ"JJJ"JJJ"JJJ"JJJ^J,C4
#F4AJ4E #HE
NUM]IC MODE A#FG
#F4AJ4E #HF
#FH-#FI
,SEC;N #G3 ,PUNCTUA;N
.=1 COMMA
.=2 SEMICOLON
.=3 COLON
.=4 FULL /OP "<P]IOD1 DOT1
DECIMAL PO9T">
.=444 ELLIPSIS
.=6 EXCLAMA;N M>K
.=8 "Q M>K .<AL.>
.=8 OP5+ "O-CELL
"<NONSPECIFIC"> QUOTA;N M>K
.=0 CLOS+ "O-CELL
"<NONSPECIFIC"> QUOTA;N M>K
.=^8 OP5+ D\BLE QUOTA;N M>K
.=^0 CLOS+ D\BLE QUOTA;N M>K
.=,8 OP5+ S+LE QUOTA;N M>K
.=,0 CLOS+ S+LE QUOTA;N M>K
.=_8 OP5+ ,ITALIAN QUOTA;N M>K
"<SMALL D\BLE ANGLE
BRACKETS">
.=_0 CLOS+ ,ITALIAN QUOTA;N
#G #HG
PUNCTUA;N A#FI
M>K "<SMALL D\BLE ANGLE
BRACKETS">
.=,7 NONDIREC;NAL D\BLE
QUOTA;N M>K
.=' APO/ROPHE1 NONDIREC;NAL
S+LE QUOTA;N M>K
.="< OP5+ P>5!SIS "<R.D
BRACKET">
.="> CLOS+ P>5!SIS "<R.D
BRACKET">
.=.< OP5+ SQU>E BRACKET
.=.> CLOS+ SQU>E BRACKET
.=@< OP5+ ANGLE BRACKET
.=@> CLOS+ ANGLE BRACKET
.=_< OP5+ CURLY BRACKET
"<BRACE BRACKET">
.=_> CLOS+ CURLY BRACKET
"<BRACE BRACKET">
.=_/ SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%">
.=_* REV]SE SOLIDUS
"<BACKSLA%">
#G #HH
PUNCTUA;N B#FI
.=- HYPH5
---------------------------#GJ
.=,- DA% "<:5 4T+UI%$ F
HYPH5"<S"> 9 PR9T">
.=",- L;G DA%
.=.- L[ L9E "<"USCORE">
.=,"< MULTI-L9E OP5+ P>5!SIS
"<R.D BRACKET">
.=,"> MULTI-L9E CLOS+ P>5!SIS
"<R.D BRACKET">
.=,.< MULTI-L9E OP5+ SQU>E
BRACKET
.=,.> MULTI-L9E CLOS+ SQU>E
BRACKET
.=,_< MULTI-L9E OP5+ CURLY
BRACKET
.=,_> MULTI-L9E CLOS+ CURLY
BRACKET
#G4A ,G5]AL
#G4A4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE (
PUNCTUA;N EXCEPT = !
#G4A4A #HI
PUNCTUA;N A#GJ
SPECIFIC PROVI.NS 9 !
,PUNCTUA;N RULES : FOLL[4
,EXAMPLES3
,U4,S4,A4 ,W44C4/]
,:AT 4448 ,:Y8
#B4E.0 #B1E.0
,YES1 PL1SE4
,NO1 N"E6
,%OPP+ LI/3 R$1 GRE5 & YELL[
PEPP]S2 ONIONS2 SWEET
POTATOES "<OR YAMS">4
#D3#CJ ,,/OP66
DON'T ,J"OS'
,X'S D"O4 ! '#IJS
ROCK ';N' ROLL
8',TIS LATE40
---------------------------#GA
"<,SEE ABV4">
N\N"<S">
9 ;B"> & ;F">
,BAL.E3 "<@S#EB4FH">
,PLA9TIFF /AT$1 8.<M.>Y
#G4A4A #IJ
PUNCTUA;N A#GA
CAUSES IS .<.1SIC.> J40
,JAN ,SWAN
@<SWANJ@AIAFRICA4COM@>
PRIM>Y COL\RS _<R$1 BLUE1
YELL[_>
HE_/%E B_/FA/
#I_/#AA ,JAN_/,FEB
,8 ,GAZA ,/RIP _/ ,WE/ ,BANK
T\R
C3_*DESKTOP
SELF-3TROL
TI$ #A-#A
=TY-"O OR -TWO
#CBJ-FOOT W+SPAN
FIVE- OR SIX-PO9T$ />
ADD -;S ADD ,-;S
,MR ;,J---- ,MR ;,J,-
8,ASK ,MS4 ,-1 %E W "K40
#G4A4B ,ONLY "O BLANK CELL
FOLL[S PUNCTUA;N 9 BRL EV5
:5 PR9T USES M SPACE1 E4G4
AT ! 5D ( A S5T;E4
#G4A4B #IA
PUNCTUA;N #GB
#G4A4C ,PLACE A GRADE #A
SYMBOL 9DICATOR 2F A
PUNCTUA;N M>K : APPE>S 9 A
POSI;N ": X WD 2 R1D Z A
3TRAC;N4
.1,REF] .1TO3 #G4F4D = AN
OP5+ NONSPECIFIC QUOTA;N
M>K4
,EXAMPLES3
,REPLACE 4 ) ;8 ":
APPROPRIATE4
.<FULL /OP "<P]IOD"> ) "Q
M>K.>
LANG;3UK A;3O
;4DOC
,AI;66AMS .<,KHOI-,SAN "N =
,W9DHOEK 9 ,NAMIBIA ,- 860
REPRES5TS A LR.>
#G4A4D ,A /R+ ( L[] PUNCTUA;N
M>KS MAY 2 SURR.D$ BY SPACE4
#G4A4D #IB
PUNCTUA;N A#GB
,EXAMPLES3
,-0 44480
8444 830
#G4B ,DA%1 L[ L9E
"<"USCORE">1 L;G DA% &
HYPH5 .=,- .=.- .=",- .=-
#G4B4A ,FOLL[ PR9T SPAC+ ( !
DA%4 ,H["E1 :5 ! SPAC+ 9
PR9T IS 9DET]M9ATE OR
9CONSI/5T1 SPACE ! DA% F
ADJAC5T ^WS1 UN.S X IS CLE>
T ! DA% 9DICATES OMIS.N ( "P
( A ^W4
,EXAMPLES3
,HE SEES X ,- FEELS X4
.<PR9T HAS S"EAL SPACES
>.D ! DA%.>
,HE W G :5 ,-
,HE W G :5,-
,HE W G WH,-
#G4B4A #IC
PUNCTUA;N B#GB
,WE WANT ,- WE NE$ ,- M BR,-
.<PR9T %[S ! F/ DA%
UNSPAC$ F ! ^W 8WANT0.>4
---------------------------#GC
#G4B4B ,:5 AN UNSPAC$ DA%
9DICATES AN OMIS.N1 D N
SEP>ATE X F ! REMA9D] ( !
SYMBOLS-SEQU;E4 ,9 ALL O!R
CASES1 A DA% MAY 2 SEP>AT$ F
:AT PREC$ES OR FOLL[S X AT !
2G9N+ OR 5D ( A BRL L9E4
#G4B4C ,REG>D.S ( ! L5G? ( !
"* 9 PR9T1 USE "O L[ L9E
"<"USCORE"> .=.- 9 BRL = EA*
PR9T DA% 2L ! L9E ( TYPE :
9DICATES A BLANK TO 2 FILL$
IN4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #I1
,TYPE=MS1 = 9=MA;N AB "UL9+4
,EXAMPLES3
,>E Y 9 FAVOR8 .- YES1
#G4B4C #ID
PUNCTUA;N A#GC
.- NO4
,WE SAW .- & .- GRAZ+ 9 !
FIELD4
,ADD ! MISS+ LRS3 S.-N &
D.-.-<T.-R4
MOONS ( ,M>S .- .-
#G4B4D ,USE A L;G DA% .=",- 9
BRL ONLY :5 PR9T USES BO? A
%ORT & L;G DA%4
,EXAMPLE3
,MR ;,D",- VISITS ;,P",-
REGUL>LY ,- Y "K T4
,HYPH5"<S"> US$ Z DA%
#G4B4E ,REPRES5T A SPAC$ HYPH5
9 PR9T ) A SPAC$ HYPH5 9
BRL4
,EXAMPLE3
,I'LL 2 R1DY BY #C3#JJ -
WELL - MAYBE #C3#AJ4
#G4B4E #IE
PUNCTUA;N #GD
#G4B4F ,:5 PR9T USES TWO
ADJAC5T HYPH5S Z A SUB/ITUTE
= A DA% "<E4G4 9 TYP+ OR
EMAIL">1 X IS P]MISSIBLE TO
USE A DA% 9 BRL4 ,USE TWO
HYPH5S :5 X IS CLE> T TWO
HYPH5S >E 9T5D$1 E4G4 TO
REPRES5T TWO MISS+ LRS 9 A
^W4 ,:5 9 D\BT1 USE TWO
HYPH5S4
,EXAMPLES3
AN EXPRES.N,-S* Z ?,-SET A"P
.<,TWO HYPH5S >E US$ 9
PR9T4.>
REC--VE
;,B-- .<PR9T USES HYPH5S.>
#G4C ,ELLIPSIS .=444
#G4C4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! NUMB] (
DOTS US$ 9 ! ELLIPSIS4 ,:5
SPAC+ 9 PR9T IS 9DET]M9ATE
#G4C4A #IF
PUNCTUA;N A#GD
OR 9CONSI/5T1 SPACE !
ELLIPSIS F ADJAC5T ^WS1 UN.S
X IS CLE> T X 9DICATES !
OMIS.N ( "P ( A ^W4
,EXAMPLES3
,I 444 ,I DON'T ?9K 44440
,I DON'T TH44440
#G4D ,SOLIDUS "<=W>D
SLA%"> .=_/
#G4D4A ,:5 DIVI.N AT A L9EBR1K
IS NEC FOLL[+ ! SOLIDUS
"<=W>D SLA%">1 D N 9S]T A
HYPH54
,EXAMPLE3
,"! 7 S"EAL S*OOL*ILDR5_/
T1*]S_/P>5TS PRES5T4
---------------------------#GE
#G4E ,"Q M>K .=8
#G4E4A ,9 ! MAJOR;Y ( CASES1 A
#G4E4A #IG
PUNCTUA;N A#GE
"Q M>K DOES N REQUIRE A
GRADE #A SYMBOL 9DICATOR2
H["E1 2 M9D;L ( ! SITUA;NS
COV]$ 9 ,RULES #G4E4B TO
#G4E4D 2L4
,EXAMPLES3
,:AT888 8,:AT860
44480
P]SONS8_/PEOPLE8
#G4E4B ,PLACE A GRADE #A
SYMBOL 9DICATOR 2F A "Q M>K
: APPE>S 9 A POSI;N ": X WD
2 R1D Z ! ^WSIGN 8HIS0 OR ":
X WD 2 R1D Z AN OP5+ "O-CELL
"<NONSPECIFIC"> QUOTA;N M>K4
#G4E4C ,PLACE A GRADE #A
SYMBOL 9DICATOR 2F A "Q M>K
: IS 8/&+ AL"O04
,EXAMPLE3
.<;8.>
#G4E4C #IH
PUNCTUA;N B#GE
#G4E4D ,PLACE A GRADE #A
SYMBOL 9DICATOR 2F A "Q M>K
: FOLL[S A SPACE1 HYPH5 OR
DA%4 ,ANY ( ! PUNCTUA;N &
9DICATOR SYMBOLS LI/$ 9
#B4F4B ( ,SEC;N #B1
,T]M9OLOGY & ,G5]AL ,RULES1
MAY 9T]V5E 2T ! SPACE1 HYPH5
OR DA% & ! "Q M>K4
,EXAMPLES3
;8-#AGEJ
"<;8,-#AGEJ">
,REPLACE EA* ;8 ) A LR3
;8E88U
---------------------------#GF
#G4F ,QUOTA;N M>KS .=8 .=0
.=^8 .=^0 .=,8 .=,0
.=_8 .=_0 .=,7 .='
#G4F4A ,USE "O-CELL
"<NONSPECIFIC"> QUOTA;N
#G4F4A #II
PUNCTUA;N A#GF
M>KS .=8 & .=0 = !
PR$OM9ANT QUOTA;N M>KS 9 !
TEXT 9 ALL 9/.ES ": !
SPECIFIC =M ( ! QUOTA;N
M>KS "<8D\BLE01 8S+LE01
8,ITALIAN0 OR
8NONDIREC;NAL0"> HAS NO
SIGNIFIC.E1 T IS1 9 ! GRT
MAJOR;Y ( CASES4 ,9DICATE
! PR9T =M ( ! NONSPECIFIC
QUOTA;N M>KS ON ! SYMBOLS
PAGE OR 9 A TRANSCRIB]'S
NOTE4
,EXAMPLES3
.<,! EXAMPLES 2L >E TAK5 F
DI6]5T TEXTS1 : H DI6]+
PR$OM9ANT QUOTA;N M>KS 9
PR9T4.>
8,:Y IS T80 HE ASK$4
.<,TWO PR9T V].NS ,- ,! F/
HAS D\BLE QUOTA;N M>KS1 !
SECOND HAS S+LE QUOTA;N
#G4F4A #AJJ
PUNCTUA;N B#GF
M>KS4.>
! PLAY 8,HAMLET0
.<,TWO PR9T V].NS ,- ! F/
HAS S+LE NONDIREC;NAL
QUOTA;N M>KS1 ! SECOND HAS
D\BLE NONDIREC;NAL QUOTA;N
M>KS4.>
,! LRS 8;B0 & 8;C0
.<,D\BLE NONDIREC;NAL
QUOTA;N M>KS 9 PR9T4.>
! ^W 8NICE0
.<,S+LE NONDIREC;NAL
QUOTA;N M>KS 9 PR9T4.>
8YES0ES & 8NO0S
.<,D\BLE QUOTA;N M>KS 9
PR9T4.>
"M-89-LAW0
.<,S+LE QUOTA;N M>KS 9
PR9T4.>
8444 9 A3ORD.E ) 4440
.<,ITALIAN QUOTA;N M>KS 9
PR9T4.>
#G4F4A #AJA
PUNCTUA;N C#GF
#G4F4B ,= SECOND>Y OR 9N]
QUOTA;N M>KS "<T IS ^? O!R
?AN ! PR$OM9ANT QUOTA;N
M>KS 9 ! TEXT">1 USE !
SPECIFIC TWO-CELL SYMBOLS4
---------------------------#GG
,EXAMPLES3
,%E SD1 8,S+ ,8,HAPPY
,BIR?"D,040
.<": D\BLE QUOTA;N M>KS >E
US$ PR$OM9ANTLY 9 PR9T.>
,%E SD1 8,S+ ^8,HAPPY
,BIR?"D^040
.<": S+LE QUOTA;N M>KS >E
US$ PR$OM9ANTLY 9 PR9T.>
#G4F4C ,A PAIR ( OP5+ & CLOS+
QUOTA;N M>KS %D MAT*4 ,=
EXAMPLE1 :5 A SPECIFIC
OP5+ QUOTA;N M>K IS
REQUIR$1 !N ! SPECIFIC
#G4F4C #AJB
PUNCTUA;N A#GG
CLOS+ SYMBOL IS AL US$4
#G4F4D ,:5 AN OP5+ NONSPECIFIC
QUOTA;N M>K WD 2 R1D Z !
^WSIGN 8HIS01 USE !
APPROPRIATE SPECIFIC
QUOTA;N M>K 9/1D4
,EXAMPLE3
"<^8 444 T IS ! "Q4^0">
#G4F4E ,USE "O-CELL
"<NONSPECIFIC"> QUOTA;N
M>KS :5 APO/ROPHES >E US$
Z ! PR$OM9ANT QUOTA;N M>KS
9 PR9T4 ,USE SPECIFIC S+LE
QUOTA;N M>KS :5 APO/ROPHES
>E US$ Z ! SECOND>Y OR 9N]
QUOTA;N M>KS 9 PR9T4
,H["E1 :5 9 D\BT Z TO :E!R
A M>K IS AN APO/ROPHE OR A
S+LE QUOTA;N M>K1 TR1T X Z
AN APO/ROPHE4
#G4F4F ,USE NONDIREC;NAL D\BLE
#G4F4F #AJC
PUNCTUA;N B#GG
.=,7 OR S+LE .=' QUOTA;N
M>KS "<T IS QUOTA;N M>KS
)\T ANY SLANT OR CURL TO
3VEY 8OP5+0 OR 8CLOS+0">
ONLY 9 ! FOLL[+ RELATIVELY
R>E CASES3
_4 :5 S* SYMBOLS >E 4T+UI%$
F DIREC;NAL SYMBOLS "<Z 9
A 4C\RSE ON TYPOGRAPHY">
_4 :5 ! SYMBOLS >E O!RWISE
CLE>LY 9T5D$ "<Z 9 AN
,,ASCII LI/+">
_4 :5 "! IS NO WAY TO 9F]
DIREC;NAL;Y F 3TEXT4
,O!RWISE USE DIREC;NAL
QUOTA;N M>KS4
#G4F4G ,IF ! OP5+ "O-CELL
"<NONSPECIFIC"> QUOTA;N
M>K APPE>S 9 GRADE #A
MODE1 X W 2 R1D Z A "Q
M>K4 ,TO AVOID ?1 PLACE !
"O-CELL OP5+ QUOTA;N M>K
2F R ?AN AF ANY GRADE #A
#G4F4G #AJD
PUNCTUA;N C#GG
9DICATOR4 ,IF ? ISN'T
POSSIBLE1 USE !
APPROPRIATE SPECIFIC
QUOTA;N M>K4
---------------------------#GH
,EXAMPLES3
,SPELL 8;;,W-A-L-K0 S ! DOG
/AYS CALM4
NOTE SIL5T LRS 9
;;N-I-,8G-H,0-T
#G4G ,MULTI-L9E BRACKETS
.=,"< .=,"> .=,.< .=,.>
.=,_< .=,_>
#G4G4A ,PLACE ! APPROPRIATE
MULTI-L9E BRACKET SYMBOL ON
EA* BRL L9E1 ALIGN+ !
SYMBOLS V]TICALLY4 ,G5]ALLY1
MAT]IAL IS TOP JU/IFI$ 9 BRL
EV5 :5 X IS C5TR$ V]TICALLY
9 PR9T4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
#G4G4A #AJE
PUNCTUA;N A#GH
#AA4H1 ,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1 &
.7,GUIDEL9ES = ,TE*NICAL
,MAT]IAL1.' = M 9=MA;N4
,EXAMPLE3
,I ,WE,_> RUN FA/4
,Y ,_>
,!Y ,_>
#G4G4A #AJF
#GI
,SEC;N #H3 ,CAPITALISA;N
.=,A TO .=,Z CAPITAL LRS ,A TO
;,Z
.=,.A TO .=,.W CAPITAL ,GREEK
LRS ,.A .<,ALPHA.> TO ,.W
.<,OMEGA.>
.=,, CAPITALS ^W 9DICATOR
.=,,, CAPITALS PASSAGE
9DICATOR
.=,' CAPITALS T]M9ATOR
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #D1
,LRS & ,_! ,MODIFI]S1 = !
COMPLETE LI/ ( CAPITALIS$
LRS 9 ! ,5GLI% & ,GREEK
ALPHABETS4
#H4A ,USE ( CAPITALS
#H4A4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! USE (
CAPITAL LRS4
.1,NOTE3 ,! TRANSCRIB] MAY
#H4A4A #AJG
CAPITALISA;N A#GI
R1SONABLY R$UCE ! USE (
CAPITAL LRS 9 BRL :5 !Y >E
US$ 9 PR9T Z A VISUAL
EMBELLI%;T ,- S* Z = ^WS
WRITT5 9 CAPITAL LRS AT !
2G9N+ ( P>AGRAPHS OR *APT]S4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #I4F1
( ,TYPE=MS1 = H[ TO
TRANSCRIBE SMALL CAPITAL LRS
:5 US$ 9 PR9T Z A 4T9CTIVE
TYPE=M4
#H4B ,EXT5T ( CAPITALS
MODE
#H4B4A ,! EXT5T ( CAPITALS
MODE IS DET]M9$ BY !
CAPITALS 9DICATOR 9 USE4
#H4C ,DEF9+ A CAPITAL LR
#H4C4A ,A CAPITAL LR IS A TWO-
CELL SYMBOL : 3SI/S ( !
PREFIX .=, "<DOT SIX"> & !
L[]CASE =M ( ! LR4
#H4C4A #AJH
CAPITALISA;N B#GI
,EXAMPLES3
,O ;,V
#BJ,B ,B4,C4
,HU%4 ,KEEP ,QUIET6
;,C4 ,O4 ,L9KLETT]
---------------------------#HJ
;,M ,MAC,PH]SON & ,O ,O',H>A
',TWAS ,DR4 ,HAMILTON-,HALL4
;;,B-,E-,L-,I-,E-,V-,E
#H4C4B ,PLACE ! PREFIX DOT #F
2F A 3TRAC;N :5 ONLY XS F/
LR IS CAPITALIS$4
,EXAMPLES3
,"F ,$MOND ,&]SON
,TD1 ,MR ,W ,J VISIT$ U4
,8 "N IS ,?OMAS4
#H4C4C ,ONLY A MODIFI] OR A
LIGATURE 9DICATOR C 2
POSI;N$ 2T A LR & XS
#H4C4C #AJI
CAPITALISA;N A#HJ
CAPITALS PREFIX4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;NS #D4B
& #D4C1 ( ,LRS & ,_!
,MODIFI]S1 = ! LI/ ( SYMBOLS
3SID]$ TO 2 MODIFI]S TO LRS4
,EXAMPLES3
,^/ETUDE
,VOYAGE ,^*A ,NICE
#H4D ,CAPITALIS$ ^W
9DICATOR .=,,
#H4D4A ,! CAPITALIS$ ^W
9DICATOR SETS CAPITALS MODE
= ! NEXT LRS-SEQU;E OR !
REMA9D] ( ! CURR5T LRS-
SEQU;E4
#H4D4B ,! E6ECT ( A CAPITALIS$
^W 9DICATOR IS T]M9AT$ BY A
SPACE1 A S+LE CAPITAL LR1 A
NONALPHABETIC SYMBOL1 OR A
CAPITALS T]M9ATOR1 B N BY A
MODIFI] OR A LIGATURE
#H4D4B #AAJ
CAPITALISA;N B#HJ
9DICATOR4
,EXAMPLES3
,,P>LIA;T
---------------------------#HA
,,FRAN^&COIS
,,.P.B.F
,DIP,,TP
,,NEW ,,YORK
,,TV,ONT>IO
8,,G QKLY & ,,TAKE ,,C>E60
,,ANGLO-,,SAXON
,MC,,GRAW-,,HILL
,,M]RY-,,G-,,R.D
,,UPP]CASE-L[]CASE
,,LL-,,R$-,,RID+-,,HOOD-TYPE
TALES
,! D',,>TAGNAN ,ROM.ES
,O',,SULLIVAN
,,DON',T
,,T',S
,,%E',,LL
,,JACK',S ,,FO',C',S',,LE
#H4D4B #AAA
CAPITALISA;N A#HA
,,WELCOME ,,TO
,MC,,DONALD',S
,,OK'D
,,RSVP OR ,R4,S4,V4,P4
,,HOTELS4,,COM
---------------------------#HB
,! ,N4,A4,S4,D4,A4,Q4 ,NEWS
,,BA"<,OXON">
"<,R">,,AC
,,W9D"<W>D">
,I_/,O
,B@&,B
,,AT@&,T
,MC,,DONALD@AXYZ4COM
,,SWIFT @& ,,CO4
,,FREE^1=M
,E.2,,XAM9E
#H4D4C ,A FULLY-CAPITALIS$
HYPH5AT$ COMP.D ^W IS
CORRECTLY CAPITALIS$ IF X IS
DIVID$ AT ! HYPH51 AT ! 5D (
! BRL L9E4
#H4D4C #AAB
CAPITALISA;N A#HB
.1,NOTE3 ,? M1NS T ! NEW
BRL L9E W 2G9 ) ! CAPITALIS$
^W 9DICATOR "<: IS ALR
REQUIR$"> FOLL[+ ! HYPH54
,EXAMPLE3
"""""""""""""""" ,,ANGLO-
,,SAXON
#H4D4D ,A HYPH5 9S]T$ DUR+
TRANSCRIP;N TO 9DICATE ^W
DIVI.N AT ! 5D ( A BRL L9E
DOES N T]M9ATE CAPITALS ^W
MODE4
,EXAMPLE3
""""""""""""""""" ,,9T]-
NA;NAL
---------------------------#HC
#H4E ,CAPITALIS$ PASSAGE
9DICATOR .=,,,
#H4E4A ,! CAPITALIS$ PASSAGE
#H4E4A #AAC
CAPITALISA;N A#HC
9DICATOR SETS CAPITALS MODE
= ! NEXT PASSAGE4
#H4E4B ,A PASSAGE IS ?REE OR M
SYMBOLS-SEQU;ES & X MAY
9CLUDE NON-ALPHABETIC
SYMBOLS4
#H4E4C ,A CAPITALIS$ PASSAGE
IS T]M9AT$ BY ! CAPITALS
T]M9ATOR IMMLY FOLL[+ ! LA/
A6ECT$ SYMBOLS-SEQU;E4
,EXAMPLES3
,,,CAU;N3 WET PA9T6,'
,PL1SE ,,,KEEP (F ! GRASS,'
9 ? >EA4
,,,! BBC AFRICA NEWS,'
,,,PR\D TO 2 A .F.B.K,'
,,,= SALE3 #AIGE FIREBIRD,'
,,,A SELF-MADE MAN,'
,,,BUY .1FAHR5HEIT .1#I_/#AA
ON ;E-BAY,'
,,,A4A4 "<ALAN ALEX&]">
MILNE,'
#H4E4C #AAD
CAPITALISA;N B#HC
#H4E4D ,A CAPITALIS$ LR OR
LRS-SEQU;E PLAC$ ADJAC5T TO
! 2G9N+ OR 5D ( A CAPITALIS$
PASSAGE IS N NECESS>ILY
3SID]$ TO 2 "P ( ! PASSAGE1
ESPECIALLY IF X IS SEP>AT$ F
! PASSAGE BY A SPACE OR
PUNCTUA;N4
---------------------------#HD
,EXAMPLES3
8444 AT #AA3#JJ ,,AM0,-
,,,M>KHAM ECONOMI/ & SUN,'
,,,/OP RUNN+ N[6,' ,X'S
DANG]\S4
444 "<,SEE ,ATTA*;T ,A">4 ,A
,,CSP "<,C>RIAGE ,S]VICE
,PROVID]"> HAS OBLIGA;NS
TO 444
,G TO PO9T ,A4 ,,,B N YET6,'
,HE "W$ = ! ,,ABC4 ,A ,,BBC
J\RNALI/ REPORT$ 444
#H4E4D #AAE
CAPITALISA;N A#HD
#H4E4E ,:5 TRANSCRIB+ A
CAPITALIS$ PASSAGE : EXT5DS
OV] M ?AN "O TEXT ELE;T
"<E4G4 A S]IES ( P>AGRAPHS1
OR A NUMB]$ OR BULLET$ LI/ (
PO9TS">1 EA* TEXT ELE;T IS
PREC$$ BY ! CAPITALIS$
PASSAGE 9DICATOR & !
CAPITALS MODE IS T]M9AT$
ONLY AT ! 5D ( ! F9AL TEXT
ELE;T4
,EXAMPLE3
8,,,HE'S GETT+ AWAY6 HE'S
OV] "!1 "U ! POR*40
8,,,I SEE HM4 I'LL CUT HM
(F F ! O!R SIDE40
---------------------------#HE
8,,,JUMP60
8,,,I CAU<T HM4 I CAU<T MY
PUPPY60,'
#H4E4E #AAF
CAPITALISA;N A#HE
#H4E4F ,:5 TRANSCRIB+ A
CAPITALIS$ PASSAGE : EXT5DS
OV] M ?AN "O TEXT ELE;T & ":
! TEXT ELE;TS D N 3/ITUTE A
3T9U\S PASSAGE "<E4G43 A
S]IES ( H1D+S">1 EA* TEXT
ELE;T IS CAPITALIS$
SEP>ATELY4
,EXAMPLE3
,,,ON H1L? & M$IC9E,'
,,,9DIG5\S T1S DELAY
AG+,'
"<,,R1D]',S ,,DIGE/3
,AUGU/ #AIIH">
,9DIG5\S T1S H BE5 L9K$ 9
REC5T /UDIES TO IMPROV$ H1L?
& 444
#H4E4G ,A S+LE H1D+ IS
#H4E4G #AAG
CAPITALISA;N B#HE
CAPITALIS$ Z A UNIT EV5 IF X
EXT5DS OV] M ?AN "O BRL L9E4
,EXAMPLE3
,,,LI/ ( SURVEY
RECIPI5TS ORGANIS$ BY
C.TRY,'
---------------------------#HF
#H4F ,CAPITALS T]M9ATOR
.=,'
#H4F4A ,! CAPITALS T]M9ATOR IS
PLAC$ AF ! F9AL CAPITALIS$
LR EI )9 OR FOLL[+ !
SYMBOLS-SEQU;E4
#H4F4B ,! CAPITALS T]M9ATOR
MAY PREC$E OR FOLL[
PUNCTUA;N & O!R T]M9ATORS B
X IS BE/ T 9DICATORS & PAIR$
"*S S* Z P>5!SES1 SQU>E
BRACKETS & QUOTES 2 NE/$4 ,T
#H4F4B #AAH
CAPITALISA;N A#HF
IS1 CLOSE PUNCTUA;N &
9DICATORS 9 REV]SE ORD] (
OP5+4
,EXAMPLES3
,HE %\T$ 8,,,I W N6,'0
.7,,,ROMEO & JULIET,'.'
,,,X'S A HOAX6 "<APRIL
FOOL6">,'
#H4F4C ,IF X IS NEC TO T]M9ATE
! CAPITALS MODE 2F ! 5D ( A
SYMBOLS-SEQU;E1 PLACE !
CAPITALS T]M9ATOR AF ! LA/
A6ECT$ LR ( EI CAPITALS ^W
MODE OR CAPITALS PASSAGE
MODE4
,EXAMPLES3
,,ABC,'S
,,WASP,'S
,,WALK,'+
UN,,SELF,'I%
#H4F4C #AAI
CAPITALISA;N B#HF
,,XXII,'ND
,,VII,'B
,,,9ITIALS ( WRIT],'_/
9ITIALS ( SECRET>Y
,! TWO ,,CEO,'S MET 9 \R
,,CEO'S (FICE4
---------------------------#HG
#H4G ,PLACE;T ( 9DICATORS
#H4G4A ,! DOT #F PREFIX1 !
CAPITALIS$ ^W 9DICATOR OR !
CAPITALIS$ PASSAGE 9DICATOR
IS PLAC$ IMMLY 2F ! F/
CAPITALIS$ LR OR MODIFI] TO
T LR1 S* Z A C$ILLA1 GRAVE
A35T OR CIRCUMFLEX4 ,ONLY A
MODIFI] OR LIGATURE 9DICATOR
MAY COME 2T ! CAPITALS
9DICATOR & ! LR4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;NS #D4B
& #D4C1 ( ,LRS & ,_!
,MODIFI]S1 = ! LI/ ( SYMBOLS
3SID]$ TO 2 MODIFI]S TO LRS4
#H4G4A #ABJ
CAPITALISA;N A#HG
,EXAMPLES3
8,S80 "<,JULY">
;;,B-,U-,S .<,.S.>
.7,VOYAGE ,^*A ,NICE.'
',,TIS ;,,CD
8,,%HHH60
,HIPP;Y-,,HOP
^1,,RESOLV$
,,^/ETUDE
,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL
"<,,UEB">
;,,AC ,,SMI?
;,,,V-NECK SW1T]S = SALE6,'
#H4H ,*OICE ( CAPITALIS$
9DICATORS
.1,NOTE3 ,:ILE ! DEFAULT
TR1T;T = A SEQU;E ( CAPITAL
LRS IS CAPITALS ^W MODE1 "!
>E SITUA;NS ": ! TRANSCRIB]
HAS A *OICE 2T US+ EI
9DIVIDUAL CAPITAL LRS OR
#H4H #ABA
CAPITALISA;N B#HG
CAPITALS ^W MODE4 ,IF BO?
*OICES W R5D] AN UNAMBIGU\S
TRANSCRIP;N1 9T]PRET !
FOLL[+ RULES Z GUIDEL9ES4
#H4H4A ,*OOSE ! ME?OD : RETA9S
! USUAL BRL =M4
---------------------------#HH
,EXAMPLES3
,,XI ,,XI,'?
,,XXXI ,,XXXI,'/
,,OK ,,OK,'D
;,,CD ,,CD,'S
,,RV3 ,RECR1;NAL ,VEHICLE,-
,LET'S G ,,RV,'+4
WWW4,,BLA/,S.D,MA*9E4COM
WWW4,,BLA/,'S.DMA*9E4COM
#H4H4B ,*OOSE ! ME?OD : BE/
3VEYS ! M1N+4 ,9 "PICUL>1
*OOSE A ME?OD T AVOIDS ! NE$
= CAPITAL 9DICATORS OR
T]M9ATORS )9 NATURAL
#H4H4B #ABB
CAPITALISA;N A#HH
SUBUNITS ( AN EXPRES.N4
.1,NOTE3 ,9 ! EXAMPLES 2L
S* SUBUNITS >E ! *EMICAL
ELE;T ,BR 9 ,K,BR1 !
A2REVIA;N ,SC 9 ,B,SC OR !
^W ,ONT>IO 9 ,,TV,ONT>IO4
,EXAMPLES3
,K,BR "<POTASSIUM BROMIDE">
,B,SC "<,BA*ELOR ( ,SCI;E">
,,TV,ONT>IO
PRE,,S5T
,,PRES,'5T
,WOOOOOOO,,OOOOOOOO,'OOOOOOO
"<A <O/LY S.D">
---------------------------#HI
,M,HZ
,A,T&,T
#H4H4C ,*OOSE ! ME?OD : GIVES
3SI/5CY "?\T A S+LE TITLE4
#H4H4C #ABC
CAPITALISA;N A#HI
,EXAMPLES3
,H;5#B,O ,O ;,H ,O,H
,K,CL ,C,H;5#B,O,H
,H,O,C,H;5#B .<*EMICAL
=MULAE F A S+LE TITLE.>
#H4I ,A35T$ LRS 9 FULLY
CAPITALIS$ ^WS
#H4I4A ,:5 9 PR9T AN A35T$ LR
9 A FULLY CAPITALIS$ ^W IS
%[N 9 L[]CASE1 ! L[]CASE
REPRES5TA;N MAY 2 IGNOR$ 9
BRL1 EXCEPT :5 FACSIMILE
TRANSCRIP;N IS REQUIR$4 ,S*
PRACTICE %D 2 EXPLA9$ 9 A
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4
,EXAMPLES3
,,PREMI^*ERE
,,ESPA^]NOLA
.<,! A35T$ LRS >E L[]CASE
#H4I4A #ABD
CAPITALISA;N B#HI
9 ! PR9T$ EXAMPLES4.>
,,,5D ( VOLUME,' #B
#H4I4A #ABE